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  Ukusetshenziswa kwesistimu yokulawula isivinini se-dc

 

Umbusi weDC yithuluzi lokulungisa ijubane lemoto eyiDC. Isiphelo esingaphezulu sixhumeke kugesi we-AC, isiphelo esisezansi sixhumeke emotweni ye-DC, futhi umbusi we-DC uguqula amandla we-AC abe yimishini emibili ekhishwe yi-DC, okokufaka okukodwa ku-DC motor neodymium (stator), yonke indlela Ukufaka okokusebenza kwe-DC motor armature (i-rotor), umbusi weDC ulungisa ijubane lezimoto ze-DC ngokulawula igesi enamandla eDC.   Ukusetshenziswa kwesistimu yokulawula isivinini se-dc. Ngasikhathi sinye, imoto ye-DC inikezela ngempendulo kumbusi. Umbusi unquma ijubane lemoto eyiDC ngokusho kwempendulo yamanje. Uma kunesidingo, ukuphuma kwe-armature voltage kulungiswa ukulungisa ijubane le-motor futhi.

Uhlelo lokulawula ijubane le-DC izimoto ngokuvamile lunezindlela ezintathu ezilandelayo:

1. Shintsha i-armature voltage;
2. Shintsha i-voliling wave viling;
3. Shintsha ukumelana kwe-armature loop.

  Ukusetshenziswa kwesistimu yokulawula isivinini se-dc. Usebenzisa i-chipccuter eyodwa ene-chip eyodwa ukulawula ukushintshwa kwemoto eyi-DC, ngokuvamile yamukela indlela yokulungisa i-armature voltage, i-PWM1 ne-PWM2 kulawulwa yi-single-chip microcomputer ukukhipha ukushaya okuguquguqukayo, ukuze ivolumu kule moto futhi i-voltage yamapulangwe enobubanzi obuhlukahlukene. Ngokusho ifomula

U = aVCC

  Ukusetshenziswa kwesistimu yokulawula isivinini se-dc. Kuphi: U yi-voltage armature; a ngumjikelezo womsebenzi we-pulse (0 <a <1); Umthombo wamandla we-VCC DC, nangu u-5V.

Amandla we-armature voltage yemoto alawulwa ukuphuma kokuphuma kwe-single-chip microcomputer, futhi ukuguquguquka kwemoto DC kutholakala ngobuchwepheshe be-pulse wide modulation technology (PWM).

Ngoba ekujikelezeni kwe-H-bridge, le moto ingaqhutshwa kuphela lapho amazinga e-PWM1 ne-PWM2 ebhekene, okusho ukuthi, lapho i-PWM1 ne-PWM2 yomibili iphakeme noma iphansi, ayinakusebenza, ngakho-ke ububanzi bokwenqenqemeni kokungenhla isithombe. Okwa-B,

  Ukusetshenziswa kwesistimu yokulawula isivinini se-dc. Sibeka isikhathi se-PWM wave ku-1ms, futhi umjikelezo womsebenzi uguqulwa ngezinyathelo eziyi-100 (umehluko phakathi kwenqanaba ngalinye ngu-10%), ukuze i-timer T0 ikhiphe ukuphazamiseka kwesikhathi njalo ngo-0.01ms, futhi ingene kumjikelezo we elandelayo i-PWM igagasi njalo ngezikhathi eziyi-100. Kulesi sibalo esingenhla, umjikelezo wemfanelo ungama-60%, okuwukuthi, ukushaya okukhiphayo kungama-0.6ms, kuthi ukushaya ngamandla kungama-0.4ms, ngakho-ke i-armature voltage ingu-5 * 60% = 3V.

Sikhuluma ngokujikeleza phambili nokubuyela emuva.   Ukusetshenziswa kwesistimu yokulawula isivinini se-dc. Uma siphendukela endaweni eyodwa kuphela, sidinga kuphela ukusetha i-PWM1 ezingeni eliphakeme noma eliphansi, futhi siguqula kuphela ushintsho lwedepho lelinye izinga le-PWM2, njengoba kukhonjisiwe ngezansi. I-Q4 ivuliwe, i-Q3 ivaliwe, imoto ingalungisa ijubane lokujikeleza iwashi kuphela)

Ngemuva kokuhlola njalo nokubhekisele ekwakhiweni kwe-master, i-stepper motor control ye-single-chip microcomputer ekugcineni iqediwe, bese ukuguqulwa kwangempela kwesikhathi sangaphambilini nokushintshanisa ukujikeleza, ukusheshisa kanye nokucekelwa phansi kwezimoto ezikhuphukayo kungabonakala.

     Ukusetshenziswa kwesistimu yokulawula isivinini se-dc   Ngokuqondene nenqubomgomo yokusebenza kwe-stepper motor, ngikholwa ukuthi abantu abaningi sebeyazi ukuthi manje isikhathi iyimoto ehamba ngezigaba ezine, esebenzisa imodi yokusebenza edonsa ngezigaba ezine, okuyi: A-AB-B-BC-C- I-CD-D -DA-A

Ukulawulwa kwejubane le-DC motor kungahlukaniswa ngendlela yokulawula ukucaphuka nendlela yokulawula i-armature voltage. Ukulawula okuxakile kusetshenziswa kancane, futhi i-armature voltage control isetshenziswa kuzicelo eziningi.   Ukusetshenziswa kwesistimu yokulawula isivinini se-dc. Ngokuthuthuka kwetekhnoloji ye-elekthronikhi yamandla, ukuguqula i-armature voltage kungatholakala ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene, phakathi kwazo lapho i-pulse wide modulation (PWM) iyindlela esetshenziswa kakhulu yokushintsha i-armature voltage. Indlela yokulungisa i-armature voltage ka-U yemoto eyi-DC ngokushintsha isilinganiso sesikhathi se-motor armature voltage kube isikhathi sokunikeza amandla (okuwukuthi, isilinganiso sabelo), lapho kulawulwa ijubane lemoto.

 

  Ukusetshenziswa kwesistimu yokulawula isivinini se-dc. Umkhiqizi we-wave ongunxantathu usetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza i-wave engunxantathu ye-UT yemvamisa ethile, engezwa yi-adder kusiginali yomyalo wokufaka we-UI ukukhiqiza i-UI UT yesiginali, bese ithunyelwa kumqhathanisi. Isilinganisi yi-op amp esebenza esimweni esivulekile esinenzuzo ephezulu kakhulu evulekile futhi ekhawulela izici zokushintsha. Ushintsho oluncane ngomehluko wesiginali phakathi kokufakwayo okubili kubangela ukuthi isiqhathanisi sikhiphe isignali yokushintsha ehambisanayo. Ngokuvamile, okokufaka okungekuhle okuqhathaniswayo kusisekelo futhi i-UI UT yesiginali ifakwa kusuka esigungwini esihle. Lapho i-UI UT> 0, isiqhathanisi sikhipha ileveli enhle ye-amplitude ephelele; lapho i-UI UT0, isiqhathanisi sikhipha ileveli engemihle ye-amplitude ephelele.  Ukusetshenziswa kwesistimu yokulawula isivinini se-dc.

Inqubo yokushintsha kwesibonakaliso se-wave waveform esiguqulwa i-voltage-pulse wide converter iboniswa ku-Fig. 2. Ngenxa yezici ezinqunyelwe zomqhathanisi, amplitude yesiginali yokukhipha i-US ayiguquki, kepha ububanzi be-pulse buyahlukahluka ne-UI. Imvamisa ye-US inqunywa imvamisa yegagasi elingunxantathu.

Lapho isignali yomyalo engu-UI = 0, isinali lokukhipha i-US liyimpula elingunxande ngobubanzi obulinganayo obuqondile nobubi be-pulse. Okokuqala, isibonakaliso sokulawulwa kwe-motor logic sinikezwe i-chip single chipcomputer, ikakhulukazi kufaka phakathi isignali ye-motor egijima kwi-Dir, isivinini semoto elawula i-PWM kanye ne-motor braking sign Brake. Ukushintshwa kobubanzi be-Pulse kwenziwa yi-TL 494, kanti isinali layo lokukhipha lishayela umjikelezo wamandla we-H-bridge ukushayela imoto eyi-DC.   Ukusetshenziswa kwesistimu yokulawula isivinini se-dc. I-H-bridge yakhiwa ngama-FET amane athuthukisiwe, asebenza ekushintsheni ukuqhutshwa kwemoto futhi andise isiginali yokushayela.

Kumjikelezo obona ukulawulwa kwe-PWM yemoto, uhlelo lusebenzisa i-TL494 chip, futhi umjikelezo wayo wangaphakathi wakhiwe ngesigaba sokuphathwa kwamandla wesizukulwane, isekhethi le-oscillation, isikhathi sokulungiswa kwesikhashana, iziphikisi ezimbili zamaphutha, isilinganisi sobubanzi bokuqhathanisa nokulinganisa, njll. I-TL494 chip isetshenziswe kahle ku-tube eyodwa-ukuphela, i-half-bridge, amandla kagesi aguqukayo.   Ukusetshenziswa kwesistimu yokulawula isivinini se-dc. Yonke imijikelezo yobubanzi be-pulse ububanzi ihlanganiswe. Le chip ine-oscillator eyakhelwe ngaphakathi enezakhi ezimbili ze-oscillating zangaphandle (i-resistor eyodwa ne-capacitor eyodwa). Amplifier eyakhelwe ngaphakathi. Ngaphakathi wenqaba umthombo we-5V wereferensi. Isikhathi esifile singashintshwa. I-transistor yamandla eyakhelwe ngaphakathi inikeza amandla we-500mA drive. Pushisa noma udonse izindlela ezimbili zokuphuma.