Umklamo womshini we-3 phase induction motor motor.
Akunakuphikwa ukuthi izimo zezulu zomhlaba zithola ukwehla okuphawulekayo kwekhwalithi lapho umoya ozungeze amakhaya ethu, okuhlanganisa ne-Jakarta, ungasakwazi ukwenzeka lapho kunokuningi okuyingozi kwe-Particulate Matter 2.5 emoyeni esiwuphefumula nsuku zonke. Hhayi kuphela isimo somoya, isidingo esikhulu se-petroleum ecutshungulwayo njengophethiloli kanye nodizili kubangela ukuthi i-Indonesia ingenise lapho ngo-2018 kunemiphongolo engu-393,000 ngosuku. Yebo, isabelomali esisetshenziselwe ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zikaphethiloli asincane, futhi ngeke sehle kule minyaka embalwa ezayo, uma kubhekwa ukuthi isitokwe sikaphethiloli sase-Indonesia sehlile. Ngokusekelwe kulezi zinkinga, i-Universitas Indonesia izibophezele ekwakheni ezokuthutha ezihambisana nemvelo, ezibizwa nge-Electric Bus. Leli bhasi likagesi linomhambisi ophambili ngendlela ye-3 phase induction motor. Umbhali kuleli phepha wenza ucwaningo ukuze akhe umklamo wemoto kagesi osetshenziswa Ebhasini, ukuze injini ikhiqize ukusebenza ngokuhambisana nezicaciso zedizayini.
Amadrayivu e-Multi-phase induction motor (MIM) ane-polephase modulation (PPM) afanele izicelo zemoto kagesi(EV) ngenxa yezizathu, njengokusebenza kwamandla okuqhubekayo nokusebenza kahle okuphezulu phezu kwebanga le-torque enwetshiwe kanye nokuthembeka okuphezulu. Ngokusebenzisa i-Pole-Phase modulation, kuleli phepha idrayivu ye-squirrel-cage induction motor (IM) yesigaba esingu-45 ihlongozwa ngezilinganiso zejubane ezingu-1:3:5:9:15 zezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-EV. Idrayivu ye-IM yesigaba esingu-45 ehlongozwayo enezikhala ze-stator ezingama-90 iyakwazi ukusebenza ezinhlanganisweni ezinhlanu ezihlukene zesigaba sezigxobo, okungukuthi, isigaba esingu-45 se-2-pole, isigaba se-15-isigaba se-6-pole, isigaba se-9-isigaba se-10, isigaba se-5 -isigxobo kanye nesigaba se-18 se-3-pole. Izinhlanganisela ezinhlanu ezingenhla zenza le drayivu ye-MIM ilungele izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-EV, eqeda isistimu yegiya lomshini ku-EV evamile. Lokhu kungaba usizo ekongeni usayizi nesisindo semoto. Le drayivu ye-MIM inikezela ngetorque ephezulu yokuqala ukusheshisa nemizila ye-gradient ngesivinini esiphansi futhi inikeza amandla aphezulu okuhamba ngesivinini esimaphakathi nesiphezulu, okufana nenjini ejwayelekile yamagiya amahlanu e-IC.
Inkinga yokusebenza kwe-motor induction yezigaba ezintathu exhunywe ohlelweni lokuhlinzeka ngesigaba esisodwa usebenzisa iziguquli ezimbili kuxoxwa ngayo. Ukunakwa okukhethekile kugxile kuthoshi yokuqala kanye nezidingo ezincane ezingalingani zokulinganisa amandla emoto ahlukene. Kuphakanyiswa indlela entsha lapha, mayelana nokubalwa kwamasayizi okuqala kanye nokusebenza kweziguquli, ukuze injini ikwazi ukuqala ngaphansi kwezimo zomthwalo ogcwele ngezinto ezincane ezingalingani. Lawa masayizi aphinde amodelwe njengemisebenzi yamandla emoto, enobubanzi obusebenzayo. Indlela yokunquma ukushintsha okusheshayo kosayizi bokuqala bokuguqulela nayo yethulwa futhi yenziwe imodeli. Ukusetshenziswa kwezinombolo kwesiphakamiso kwenziwe kumamotho ahlukene wokungenisa ukuze kuphenywe ubuqiniso bawo. Imiphumela ifakazela ukungalingani okuncane okungamaphesenti angama-5.8 phakathi nezimo ezijwayelekile zokusebenza. Baphinde babonise ukuthi i-torque yokuqala eyanele okungenani ilingana nenani eligcwele lomthwalo.
Indlela ihlanganisa ukusebenzisa i-block commutation kanye nokusebenzisa injini kagesi ukuze i-engeli yokushintsha ibe ngaphansi kwama-degree angu-180 futhi ibe ngaphezu kwama-degree angu-120. Inombolo engokwemvelo yezifunda ezilandelanayo zesikhathi esilinganayo ichazwa kuso ngasinye lapho izigaba ezimbili noma ezintathu (P1-P3) zinevolthi yesigaba esingeyona iqanda. Ubude besikhathi bususelwa kujubane lemoto kanye nenani lezigxobo. Isimangalo esizimele siphinde sifakwe kulokhu okulandelayo: i-brushless 3-phase motor motor.
I-motor ye-multi-phase kagesi ehlanganisa indlu, i-stator efakwe ezindlini, i-rotor efakwe ngokuzenzakalelayo ngokuhlobene ne-stator, kanye nesistimu yokuzwa isikhundla elungiselelwe futhi ilahliwe ukuze kukhishwe isignali emele isikhundla se-rotor ngokuhlobene ne-stator. Isistimu yenzwa yokuma ihlanganisa ilungu elijikelezayo elikhweziwe elihlobene nerotha kanye nobuningi bezinzwa zedijithali ezifakwe ngokuhlobene nelungu elijikelezayo. Okungenani ezimbili zobuningi bezinzwa zedijithali ziyalungiswa futhi zilahlwe ukuze kukhiqizwe isignali yokuphuma kwequadrature. Ubuningi bezinzwa zedijithali ezilungiswayo futhi zilahlwa ukuzwa izingxenye ezihlukene zelungu elijikelezayo ukuze kutholwe indawo yerotha ngokuhlobene ne-stator.
Indlela ehlongozwayo isekelwe ekukhipheni ubukhulu nezigaba zokuqukethwe kwe-high-frequency subband (HFSB) ekhona ezingxenyeni ze-d-q-axis zama-stator currents (id kanye ne-iq) kumotho yokungeniswa. Ubukhulu obufunwayo nezigaba kukhishwa ngokucubungula i-id kanye ne-iq kusetshenziswa amafreyimu we-phaselet atholwa ibhange lokuhlunga elilungisiwe. Leli bhange lokuhlunga liklanywe kusetshenziswa izihlungi eziyisithupha zedijithali ezihamba phambili, ama-coefficients azo anqunywa imisebenzi yesisekelo se-biorthogonal phaselet. Okuqukethwe kwe-HFSB okukhishiwe kunikeza ulwazi lwesiginesha olunganikeza ukutholwa okunembile nokusheshayo kwamaphutha. Indlela yokuthola amaphutha kagesi asuselwa kuphaselet yenziwe yaba inqubo yokusetshenziswa kwedijithali. Ukusebenza kwendlela ehlongozwayo kuhlolwa ungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi ukuze kutholakale ama-stator currents aqoqwe kumadrayivu amabili ahlukene e-induction motor ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza ezihlukene. Imiphumela yokuhlolwa engaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi ibonisa ukutholakala okunembile, okuthembekile, nokushesha kwamaphutha kagesi, nokuzwela okuncane.
Ichaza i-overvoltage ebangelwa ukunqamula imithwalo eminingi yezimoto kulayini wokusabalalisa amandla ngama-capacitor okulungisa amandla-factor ngesikhathi somugqa wokudlulisela ovulekile-isigaba. Izenzakalo ze-overvoltage zicwaningwa ngokuhlolwa kwenkambu, ukuhlaziywa kwesimo esiqinile kanye nokuhlaziywa kwesikhashana. Imiphumela yokuhlola ibonisa ukuthi amandla kagesi elayini ukuya kulayini kumugqa wokusabalalisa ongu-6.6 kV nolayini wokudlulisa wesigaba esivulekile ongu-22 kV afinyelela ku-1.7 iyunithi ngayinye. Ama-overvoltages abangelwa izinhlobo ezimbili ze-resonance. Enye i-linear circuit resonance phakathi kwe-power-factor-correcting capacitor kanye ne-secondary side impedance yamamotho. Umehluko phakathi kwezingxenye ezinhle nezingezinhle ze-impedance ukhiqiza i-resonance. Enye i-nonlinear circuit resonance phakathi kwe-power-factor-correcting capacitor kanye nokusabela okugcwele kwe-transformer.
Le mojula iqukethe isekethe yokulungisa kabusha engalawuleki, isekethe ye-buck converter, kanye nesekethe ye-inverter yezigaba ezintathu njenge-drive phase induction motor. Imojula iwumthombo wamanethi axhunywe isekethe yokulungisa izigaba ezintathu ilawulwa ukukhishwa kwayo kwezigaba ezintathu ukusuka kuye ku-200 Vdc. Bese kuthi isekethe yokulungisa okukhiphayo kwe-DC ixhumeke kusekethe ye-buck converter, ukuze i-DC ephumayo isebenzise njenge-inverter isigaba sesithathu esiphumela ku-voltage ku-100 Vac. I-voltage ephumayo ye-inverter ukusebenzisa i-motor induction yezigaba ezintathu. Indlela yokushintsha isetshenziselwa ukucupha i-inverter MOSFETs i-PWM (Pulse Width Modulated) imodi yokushintsha kagesi ene-180 conduction. Isizukulwane sesignali se-PWM silawulwa nge-microcontroller ATmega 8535.
Leli phepha limodela izinhlobo ezimbili zezigaba ezi-3 ze-BLDC motors, enye inohlobo lwe-Y-connection kanti enye inohlobo oluzimele, futhi ikhombisa ukulingiswa kwawo, iqhathanisa izici zayo. Njengomphumela wokulingisa, i-voltage yesigaba senjini ezimele yesigaba esi-3 se-BLDC iphezulu kuno-Y-uxhumano lwesigaba sesithathu se-BLDC motor. Lapho ukumelana ne-stator kanye ne-inductance kuzinzile, i-voltage yesigaba esiphezulu ibangela ukwanda kwesigaba esiphezulu samanje futhi ukwanda kwayo kubangela ukwanda kwe-torque ephezulu. Kuphinde kwatholakala ukuthi ukushaywa kwamanje kwesigaba esizimele se-BLDC motor kwehliswe ngokulawula isigaba samanje semoto ezimele ye-BLDC.
Ngaphansi kwesimo sejubane eliphansi, kuhlongozwa indlela yokulandelela ngesikhathi sangempela kanye nokulinganisa isikhundla se-rotor ngokusekelwe kubuchwepheshe be-PLL, esetshenziselwa ukuxazulula inkinga yokunemba kokutholwa kwesistimu ye-permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) yezimoto zikagesi. Izimiso zokulawula zokuguquguquka kwesignali yefrikhwensi ephezulu ziyahlaziywa, futhi imodeli yezibalo yezigaba ezintathu ze-PMSM ngaphansi kohlaka lwereferensi olujikelezayo olulinganiselwe lwerotha luyasungulwa. Imigomo eyisisekelo ye-phase locked loop (PLL) iyahlaziywa. Ngokusekelwe ku-loop yesigaba esikhiyiwe, indlela yokulinganisa indawo ye-rotor yakhelwe futhi ihlaziywe. Ekugcineni, imodeli yokulingisa yesistimu yokulawula engenazinzwa iyasethwa, futhi isilingo sokulingisa siyenziwa. Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kokulingisa ibonisa ukuthi ukulawula okungenazinzwa okusekelwe ku-PLL kungathola izikhundla ezinembile ze-rotor kanye nekhono elihle lokulawula. Ngakho-ke, indlela yokulinganisa izikhundla ze-rotor esekelwe ku-PLL iyindlela ekahle yokulawula okungenalutho kwemoto kagesi yokushayela imoto.
Lokhu okusunguliwe kuhlobene nenjini kagesi yokusebenza kwesiguquli samandla esinokukhethwa, okujikajika kwezitebhisi okunezigaba eziningi ezihlukaniswa zibe amasistimu wokuvunguza ayingxenye yezigaba ze-m futhi axhunywe enanini lamagatsha ebhuloho eliguqulela amandla am axhunywe ngokuhambisana uhlangothi lwe-dc. Kungenzeka ukukhetha i-stator winding enothintana nabo abambalwa abashintshayo abambalwa uma kuqhathaniswa ngenxa yokuthi amasistimu okujikajika kancane ahlukaniswe ama-galvani futhi ahlelwa ngenkanyezi engaguquki noma i-polygonal array lapho, ukushintsha ukujika kwejika, okungenani indawo eyodwa yokuxhuma yesistimu ngayinye eyingxenye ingaxhunywa. indawo yokuxhumana ephambene ngokudayametric, kusukela kumbono wendawo yesigaba, wenye ingxenye yesistimu ngokusebenzisa ingxenye ehlukile yokushintsha.
Isistimu yezithuthuthu zikagesi ihlanganisa indlu yemoto kanye ne-stator core elahliwe ngaphakathi kwendlu yemoto. I-stator core ihlanganisa i-back iron heat exchanger yokudlula uketshezi lapho. I-fluid inlet ilahlwa engxenyeni yokuqala yesishintshi sokushisa esiyinsimbi yangemuva okungenani exhumana noketshezi olunomthombo wokupholisa owuketshezi futhi elungiselwe ukwamukela ingxube yokupholisa. Ukukhipha uketshezi kulahlwa engxenyeni yesibili yesishintshi sokushisa sensimbi yangemuva ukuze kukhishwe isipholile segesi esivela kusishintshi sokushisa sensimbi yangemuva ukuze isipholile esiwuketshezi sikwazi ukuguquleka sibe isipholile segesi esisemuva kwensimbi yokushintsha ukushisa ngokuthola amandla ku-stator core okuvumelayo. into epholisa igesi iphuma nge-outlet bese ikhipha ukushisa kumongo we-stator.
I-motor ye-multi-phase kagesi ehlanganisa indlu, i-stator efakwe ezindlini, i-rotor efakwe ngokuzenzakalelayo ngokuhlobene ne-stator, kanye nesistimu yokuzwa isikhundla elungiselelwe futhi ilahliwe ukuze kukhishwe isignali emele isikhundla se-rotor ngokuhlobene ne-stator. Isistimu yenzwa yokuma ihlanganisa ilungu elijikelezayo elikhweziwe elihlobene nerotha kanye nobuningi bezinzwa zedijithali ezifakwe ngokuhlobene nelungu elijikelezayo. Okungenani ezimbili zobuningi bezinzwa zedijithali ziyalungiswa futhi zilahlwe ukuze kukhiqizwe isignali yokuphuma kwequadrature. Ubuningi bezinzwa zedijithali ezilungiswayo futhi zilahlwa ukuzwa izingxenye ezihlukene zelungu elijikelezayo ukuze kutholwe indawo yerotha ngokuhlobene ne-stator.
Isekhethi yokuqala yamamotho kagesi esigaba esisodwa okuhlanganisa zombili izinjini zokuhlukaniswa kwesigaba kanye ne-capacitor ihlanganisa isango elilawulwa yisimo esiqinile sokushintsha okuxhunywe ngokulandelanayo ekuqaleni kokujika kwenjini. Ama-pulses ayireferensi alungisiwe asuka kusiguquli se-pulse akhiqizwa ukuze kuvulwe i-transistor yokuqala ukuze inikeze isango lokuvula iswishi yesimo esiqinile. Ekuqaleni, lapho i-motor inikwe amandla ngo-zero rpm, ama-pulses atholwa ekushintsheni ngemva kokuba i-air winding yamanje idlula ezingeni lamanje elinguziro ukuze ivule iswishi ukuze iqhube umjikelezo ngamunye wesigamu futhi inikeze amandla ekuqaleni kodwa njengoba injini ishesha, ama-pulses atholwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi nangaphambili uma kuqhathaniswa nesiqalo esijikajikayo samanje uziro ukweqa kuze kube ngesivinini esikhethiwe ama-pulses atholwa eswishi ngaphambi kokuqala kokuphenduka kwamanje okuphenduka u-zero okuwela ngaphesheya nomphumela wokuthi iswishi ayisangene ngesango. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, i-voltage kuwo wonke iswishi iya phezulu.
Indlela yokulawula i-voltage/frequency converter elawulwa isigaba esisodwa noma i-polyphase motor kagesi ihlola ukuguquka kwesigaba phakathi kwe-EMF ne-BEMF ngendlela yokuchezuka phakathi kokuwela u-ziro wesigaba samanje namandla kagesi akhiqizwa ukungeniswa kwangaphakathi bese ilungisa kabusha imvamisa yesiguquli ngokufanele. Isilinganiso sokungeniswa kwangaphakathi senziwa ekuweleni uziro kwezifundo zamanje zesigaba esihlobene, lapho phakathi nokulinganisa isigaba sihlukaniswa nenethiwekhi yokuhlinzeka.
Isekhethi yokulawula injini kagesi, ikakhulukazi injini yesigaba esihlukanisiwe, lapho kufakwa khona isithasiselo se-coefficient yezinga lokushisa elilungile kumjikelezo omazombezo wokuqala ukuze kususwe kakhulu ukusonga kokuqala kusekethe ngemva kokuba injini isiqalile ngenkathi kunikezwa iswishi ezwela izinga lokushisa ochungechungeni. ngenjini ukwenza injini ingabi namandla uma igcwele kakhulu. Isici esiphikisayo se-coefficient yezinga lokushisa eliphozithivu sinesici esizwelayo kwezinga lokushisa esihlotshaniswa nakho esivimbela iswishi ezwelayo kwezinga lokushisa ukuthi isebenze iye endaweni evaliwe isuke endaweni evulekile noma nini lapho i-elementi ephikisayo ingaphezu kwezinga lokushisa elinqunywe kusengaphambili.
Injini encane enezigaba ezimbili enamakhoyili enkambu yokuqala neyesibili lapho ngayinye isebenzisana nerotha ende, ezacile eyicylindrical. I-rotor ihlinzekwa ngepheya eyodwa kuphela yezigxobo ze-rotor ezingenasici futhi inesilinganiso sobude kuya kobubanzi okuyinto ngokunenzuzo okungenani engaba ngu-2.5. I-stator pole piece isebudlelwaneni obuguquguqukayo bukazibuthe ne-rotor futhi ihlanganisa amasethi okuqala nawesibili ezigxobo ze-stator eziphawulekayo ezisebenzisana ngokulandelana namakhoyili enkundla yokuqala neyesibili. Kunezigxobo ze-stator ezimbili kuphela ezigqamile kusethi ngayinye, futhi izigxobo ze-stator zihlukaniswe ngama-angular cishe ngamadigri kagesi angamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye. Kwezinye izimo omunye wezigxobo ze-stator kusethi yokuqala kanye nenye yezigxobo ze-stator kusethi yesibili zinwebeka ngezindlela eziphambene ngokuhambisana ne-axis ye-rotor kusukela kulungu elilodwa le-tubular elakha ingxenye yomhlangano wesiqephu sesigxobo.
Indlela yokulawula ye-brushless, enezigaba ezintathu ze-DC motor. I-voltage ebangelwa ukuzungezisa kwerotha ingase ithathwe enanini elilindelekile lokuqala lokuwela iqanda ukuze kukhiqizwe inani lokuqala eliyisampula levoltheji. Isilinganiso sobuningi bamanani kagesi ayisampula ayisampula, okuhlanganisa amanani kagesi asampuliwe ebuningini bamanani okuwela uziro alindelwe ngaphambili kanye nenani lokuqala eliyisampula levoltheji, lingase libalwe. Inani lamandla kagesi eliyisampula lokuqala lingasuswa esilinganisweni esibaliwe ukuze kukhiqizwe iphutha lokuwela i-delta ziro. Umjikelezo womsebenzi wokushintshwa kobubanzi be-pulse-width ungase ulungiswe ngokusekelwe ephutheni lokuwela i-delta ziro. Umjikelezo womsebenzi wokushintshwa kwe-pulse-width modulation ungase usetshenziselwe ukulawula isivinini sokujikeleza kwerotha.
Ngokungeziwe ezicini eziyisisekelo ezifana nosayizi omncane, isisindo esilula nokugcinwa kalula, imoto kagesi (EV) iyadingeka ukuthi ibe nezici ezivumela ukukhiqizwa kwetorque ephezulu endaweni enesivinini esiphansi futhi ikwazi ukubona ububanzi obubanzi be-torque. ukusebenza kwamandla okungaguquki endaweni enesivinini esikhulu.Emizamweni yokuthuthukisa izici zokusebenza kwamandla njalo kwe-induction motor (IM), leli phepha lihlongoza ukuguqulwa kwesigxobo sesigaba sesithupha se-IM (i-PCIM yezigaba eziyisithupha). I-PCIM yezigaba eziyisithupha iqhubeka nokwandisa ububanzi obuqhubekayo bokusebenza kwamandla ngaphandle kokwandisa ivolumu kanye namandla e-IM.Ukucacisa isimiso esiyisisekelo kanye nezici ze-torque ze-PCIM yezigaba eziyisithupha, okokuqala, indlela yayo yokujika kanye nokusabalalisa kwe-mmf kuzohlolwa. Okulandelayo, ngokusungula indlela yokubala yokusebenza ngokusekelwe endleleni yegagasi ye-quasi-sinusoidal, ukuba nokwenzeka kokubala kokusebenza okunembe kakhulu okwanele ukuze kusetshenziswe kwangempela kuzoboniswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokucacisa izici eziphezulu zetorque ngokuhlolwa.
Ama-voltage ahamba phambili abheke phezulu, akhiqizwe izimo ezibucayi kuma-breaker circuit kanye nezixhumi lapho kuvalwa, akhiqiza ingcindezi eqinile yokufakwa phakathi kwama-interturn kumawindi omshini. Uhlelo lwekhompiyutha olulingisa ukukhiqizwa kwezinto ezidlulayo ezihamba phambili ziyachazwa. Ukulingisa kusekelwe ekumeleleni okugcwele kwesistimu yezigaba ezintathu, okuhlanganisa amabhasi, idivayisi yokushintsha, ikhebula kanye nama-motor winding. Ukusebenzisana okuyinkimbinkimbi phakathi kwesistimu kanye nedivayisi yokushintsha, kanye nokusebenzisana phakathi kwezigxobo ezintathu zedivayisi yokushintsha, kucatshangelwa ngokugcwele. Indlela yesixazululo esekelwe kuguquko lwe-Fourier nokusebenzisa inhlanganisela yamandla kagesi kanye namajeneretha amanje ukulingisa izenzo zokushintsha isetshenziswa ezibalweni.
Imoto enezigaba ezinhlanu kumasondo-ibekezelela ingaphakathi unomphela-zibuthe (FT-IPM) ihlanganisa ukufaneleka kokusebenza kahle okuphezulu, ukuminyana kwamandla nokuthembeka okuphezulu, ifanele Izimoto zikagesi (EVs). Isu elisha lokulungisa le-Neural Networks Inverse (NNI) liyaphakanyiswa ukuze kuzuzwe umsebenzi wangemva kwephutha. Kulolu hlelo, i-NN isetshenziselwa ukulinganisa imodeli ephambene yenjini ye-FT–IPM. Ngalesi simiso se-NNI kanye ne-motor drive yasekuqaleni kuhlangene, kungase kutholakale uhlelo oluhlanganisiwe lwe-pseudo-linear. Ukulingisa kubonisa ukuthi isu lokulawula elihlongozwayo liholela ekusebenzeni kokulawula okuhle kakhulu kumodi enephutha futhi linikeza ukuqina okuhle ngokumelene nokuphazamiseka komthwalo.
Isekhethi kagesi ivikela injini kagesi yamanje ekulayisheni ngokweqile. Isekhethi ine-stator kazibuthe ehlala njalo, i-rotor ethatha i-motive current nge-commutator, i-diode yokutakula, kanye ne-resistor enembile. I-resistor enembile ikuchungechunge nge-diode yokutakula. I-voltage yokusabalalisa (i-Uv) isetshenziswa phakathi kwe-diode yokutakula kanye nesiphikisayo esinembayo , ngeswishi yamandla phakathi kweyodwa yama-electrode okushintsha amandla kanye nephoyinti le-nodal. I-electrode yokulawula ukushintsha kwamandla ixhunywe kokuphumayo kwesiqhathanisi. Okokufaka kokuqala kwesiqhathanisi kuxhunywe endaweni ye-nodal , futhi okokufaka kwesibili kuxhunywe kusidlulisi senani le-threshold. Isixhumanisi phakathi kwe-electrode ye-irst , i-voltage yokusabalalisa kanye nephoyinti le-nodal iphazamiseka ngaphezu kwenani elinqunywe kusengaphambili, futhi iyabuyiselwa lapho i-voltage yehle ngaphansi kwenani eliphansi le-threshold.
Okuchazwe lapha i-valve ye-throttle yenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi; i-valve ye-throttle inikezwa: i-brushless motor motor enezigaba ezintathu ezine-stator windings kanye nezinzwa ezintathu ze-angular-position eziklanyelwe ukucacisa indawo ye-angular ye-rotor ye-motor kagesi; isihlalo se-valve; isici sediski esiphendukayo noma uvemvane , olubamba isihlalo sevalvu futhi lufakwe ku-shaft ukuze lukwazi ukuzungeza i-eksisi yokujikeleza ukuze ijikele phakathi kwendawo yokuvula nendawo yokuvala yesihlalo se-valve ngaphansi kokuphonswa kwenjini kagesi; ukudluliselwa kwegiya ukuxhuma injini kagesi ku-shaft yesici sediski; kanye neyunithi yokulawula ye-elekthronikhi edizayinelwe ukushayela injini kagesi ngokuya ngengqondo yokulawula impendulo kusetshenziswa njengenani lempendulo indawo eyi-angular yesici sediski mayelana ne-eksisi yokuzungezisa, ikalwa ngezinzwa ezintathu zokuma kwe-angular ezihlanganiswe enjini kagesi.
Kuhlinzekwe indlela yokubona izinga lamanje elinganele noma elishodayo enjinini ehambisanayo kazibuthe, futhi ihlanganisa nokunquma indawo ye-vector eyinhlanganisela yesigaba samanje sezigaba ezintathu mayelana nengxenye enganyakazi yenjini, kanye nokwabela umkhakha isikhundla. Indlela ihlanganisa ukuqhathanisa inkathi yamanje ne-threshold yamanje elinganiselwe ehambisana nomkhakha, kanye nokwenza impendulo lapho inani eliphelele lingaphansi komkhawulo. Imoto ihlanganisa idivayisi yokugcina amandla (ESD), injini/ijeneretha emiswe njengenjini ehambisanayo kazibuthe, i-voltage inverter, kanye nebhasi elihambisa i-DC current ukusuka ku-ESD kuya kusiguquli. Isilawuli sithola indawo yamanje yesigaba esinganele, sinquma indawo yamanje yevekhtha yezigaba ezintathu ze-AC, sinikeza umkhakha endaweni, futhi senza impendulo lapho inani eliphelele lesigaba samanje lingaphansi komkhawulo olinganiselwe.
Imoto kagesi ehlukanisiwe ehlala unomphela yakhiwa ngokusebenzisa izingxenye ezikhona zomklamo owaziwayo we-pole motor ukuze kwehliswe izindleko zobunjiniyela, amathuluzi, i-inventory kanye nezinye izindleko zokukhiqiza injini entsha kanye, okungenzeka, nomklamo owaziwayo ngokusebenzisa umnotho wesilinganiso. Ukuguqulwa kwenjini eyaziwayo ngokuyinhloko kubandakanya amasekhethi ajikayo ahlukene kanye nokwengezwa kwe-capacitor. Injini entsha ingashintshwa ngesekethe yokushintsha eyodwa.
