Injini kagesi iyisisetshenziswa sikagesi esiguqula amandla kagesi abe amandla emishini, futhi ingaphinda isebenzise amandla ayimishini ukuze ikhiqize amandla e-kinetic ukushayela ezinye izisetshenziswa. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zamamotho, kepha angahlukaniswa cishe abe amamotho e-AC kanye nama-DC motor ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene.
Inzuzo yemoto ye-DC ukuthi ilula ekulawuleni isivinini. Idinga kuphela ukulawula i-voltage ukuze ilawule isivinini. Kodwa-ke, lolu hlobo lwe-motor alufanelekile ukusebenza ekushiseni okuphezulu, okuvutha umlilo nakwezinye izindawo, futhi ngenxa yokuthi injini idinga ukusebenzisa amabhulashi ekhabhoni njengezingxenye zeCommutator (ama-brush motors), ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukuhlanza njalo ukungcola okukhiqizwa i-carbon brush friction. I-brushless motor ibizwa ngokuthi i-brushless motor. Uma kuqhathaniswa nebhulashi, i-brushless motor iyonga amandla amancane futhi ithule ngenxa yokungqubuzana okuncane phakathi kwebhulashi le-carbon kanye ne-shaft. Ukukhiqizwa kunzima kakhulu futhi intengo iphakeme. Ama-motors e-AC angasebenza ekushiseni okuphezulu, okuvutha umlilo nakwezinye izindawo, futhi akudingi ukuhlanza ukungcola kwe-carbon brush njalo, kodwa kunzima ukulawula isivinini, ngoba ukulawula isivinini se-AC motor kudinga ukulawula imvamisa ye-AC ( noma ukusebenzisa i-induction I-motor isebenzisa indlela yokwandisa ukumelana kwangaphakathi ukunciphisa isivinini se-motor nge-frequency ye-AC efanayo), futhi ukulawula i-voltage yayo kuzothinta kuphela i-torque ye-motor. Ngokuvamile, i-voltage yama-civil motors ingu-110V no-220V. Kuzicelo zezimboni, kukhona futhi i-380V noma i-440V.
isimiso sokusebenza
Umgomo wokuzungezisa injini usekelwe emthethweni ka-John Ambrose Fleming ongakwesokunxele. Uma ucingo lubekwe endaweni kazibuthe, uma ucingo lunamandla, ucingo luzosika umugqa wezibuthe bese luhambisa ucingo. Amandla kagesi angena kukhoyili ukuze akhiqize inkambu kazibuthe, futhi umphumela kazibuthe wamanje kagesi usetshenziselwa ukwenza uzibuthe kagesi ujikeleze ngokuqhubekayo kuzibuthe ongashintshi, ongaguqula amandla kagesi abe amandla omshini. Isebenzisana nomazibuthe ongunaphakade noma inkambu kazibuthe ekhiqizwe elinye iqoqo lamakhoyili ukuze kukhiqizwe amandla. Umgomo we-DC motor ukuthi i-stator ayinyakazi, futhi i-rotor ihamba ngendlela yamandla akhiqizwa ukusebenzisana. I-AC motor iyikhoyili ejikajikayo ye-stator enikezwa amandla okukhiqiza inkambu kazibuthe ezungezayo. Inkambu kazibuthe ezungezayo iheha i-rotor ukuthi ijikeleze ndawonye. Isakhiwo esiyisisekelo semoto ye-DC sihlanganisa "i-armature", "i-field magnet", "snumeric ring", kanye "nebhulashi".
I-Armature: I-iron core ethambile ekwazi ukuzungeza i-axis ilinyazwe ngamakhoyili amaningi. Uzibuthe wasensimini: Uzibuthe onamandla unomphela noma uzibuthe kagesi okhiqiza insimu kazibuthe. Slip ring: Ikhoyili ixhunywe kuma-semi-circular slip rings cishe emaphethelweni womabili, angasetshenziswa ukuguqula indlela yamanje njengoba ikhoyili ijikeleza. Njalo ngesigamu ukujika (180 degrees), isiqondiso samanje kukhoyili siyashintsha. Ibhulashi: Ivamise ukwenziwa ngekhabhoni, indandatho yesiqoqi isuke ixhumene nebhulashi isesimweni esingaguquki ukuze ixhume kumthombo wamandla.
Isakhiwo esiyisisekelo
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zamamotho. Ngokuya ngesakhiwo esiyisisekelo, ukubunjwa kwayo ikakhulukazi kuhlanganiswe ne-stator ne-rotor.
I-stator imile esikhaleni, kuyilapho i-rotor ingajikeleza eduze kwe-shaft futhi isekelwa ama-bearings.
Kuyoba khona igebe elithile lomoya phakathi kwe-stator ne-rotor ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-rotor ingajikeleza ngokukhululekile.
I-stator ne-rotor zilinyazwa ngamakhoyili, futhi yamanje isetshenziswa ukuze kukhiqizwe insimu kazibuthe, eba yizibuthe kagesi. Enye ye-stator kanye ne-rotor ingaba yizibuthe unomphela.
Okulandelayo konke kubizwa ngokuthi amamotho
Kuhlukaniswa ngokunikezwa kwamandla:
Igama
Isici
Imoto DC
Sebenzisa ozibuthe baphakade noma ozibuthe kagesi, amabhulashi, izihambisi nezinye izinto. Amabhulashi kanye nama-commutators ahlinzeka ngokuqhubekayo amandla kagesi e-DC angaphandle kukhoyili ye-rotor, futhi aguqule indlela yamanje ngesikhathi, ukuze i-rotor ikwazi ukulandela indlela efanayo Qhubeka nokujikeleza.
I-AC motor
I-alternating current idlula kukhoyili ye-stator ye-motor, futhi inkambu kazibuthe ezungezile iklanyelwe ukusunduza i-rotor ngezikhathi ezahlukene kanye nezindawo ezahlukene ukuze iqhubeke nokusebenza.
*Pulse motor
Umthombo wamandla ucutshungulwa yi-digital IC chip bese uguqulwa ube yi-pulse current ukuze ulawule injini. I-steping motor wuhlobo lwe-pulse motor.
Kuhlukaniswa ngesakhiwo (kokubili amandla kagesi e-DC kanye ne-AC):
Igama
Isici
Imoto evumelanisiwe
Ibonakala ngesivinini esingaguquki futhi asikho isidingo sokulawulwa kwejubane, i-torque yokuqala ephansi, futhi lapho injini ifinyelela isivinini sokugijima, ijubane lizinzile futhi ukusebenza kahle kuphezulu.
I-asynchronous motor
Injini yokungeniswa
Ibonakala ngesakhiwo esilula nesiqinile, futhi ingasebenzisa ama-resistors noma ama-capacitor ukulungisa isivinini nokuya phambili nokuhlehlisa ukuzungezisa. Izicelo ezijwayelekile amafeni, ama-compressor, nama-air conditioner.
*Injini ebuyiselekayo
Ngokuyisisekelo isakhiwo nezici ezifanayo njengemoto yokungeniswa, ibonakala ngomshini wokubhuleka olula (i-friction brake) eyakhelwe emsileni wenjini. Inhloso yawo ukuzuza izici ezihlehliswa ngokushesha ngokungeza umthwalo okhuhlanayo nokunciphisa umphumela we-induction motor. Inani lokuzungezisa ngokweqile okukhiqizwa amandla.
Imoto yokunyathela
Ibonakala ngohlobo lwe-pulse motor, injini ejikeleza kancane kancane nge-engeli ethile. Ngenxa yendlela yokulawula iluphu evulekile, ayidingi idivayisi yempendulo ukuze ithole indawo nokutholwa kwesivinini ukuze ithole indawo enembile nokulawula isivinini, nokuzinza Okuhle.
I-Servo motor
Ibonakala ngokulawula isivinini esinembile nesizinzile, ukusheshisa okusheshayo kanye nokusabela kokunciphisa, isenzo esisheshayo (ukuhlehla ngokushesha, ukusheshisa okusheshayo), usayizi omncane nesisindo sokukhanya, amandla aphumayo aphezulu (okungukuthi ukuminyana kwamandla aphezulu), ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu, njll., futhi esetshenziswa kabanzi esikhundleni nasekulawuleni isivinini esiphezulu.
Injini yomugqa
Ine-stroke drive ende futhi ingabonisa amandla okuma okunembe kakhulu.
nezinye
I-Rotary Converter, i-Rotating Amplifier, njll.
Sebenzisa inhloso
Ama-motor induction ajwayelekile asetshenziswa kabanzi
Kukhona ukusetshenziswa kukagesi okuningi, kusukela ezimbonini ezinzima kuya kumathoyizi amancane. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zama-motor kagesi zikhethwa ezindaweni ezahlukene. Nazi ezinye izibonelo: imishini yokwenza umoya, njengamafeni kagesi, izimoto zokudlala zikagesi, izikebhe nezinye izikheshi, amakheshi asebenza ngogesi, njengojantshi ongaphansi komhlaba, amafekthri amathilamu nama-hypermarkets Izicabha ezizenzakalelayo zikagesi, izivalo zokugingqika zikagesi, nezinto zokuziphilisa zabantu. emabhasini ebhande lezokuthutha
I-Optical drive, iphrinta, umshini wokuwasha, iphampu yamanzi, idrayivu yediski, insingo kagesi, isiqophamazwi, isiqophi sevidiyo, i-CD turntable, ukusetshenziswa kwezimboni nezokuhweba
Umshini osebenzayo we-lifti osheshayo (ofana: ithuluzi lomshini) i-textile machine mixer.
Umgomo wemoto kanye nejeneretha ngokuyisisekelo kuyafana, futhi isiqondiso sokuguqulwa kwamandla sihlukile. Ijeneretha iguqula amandla emishini namandla e-kinetic abe amandla kagesi ngomthwalo (njengamandla amanzi, amandla omoya). Uma ungekho umthwalo, ijeneretha ngeke ibe nakho okuphumayo okuphumayo. Ukubambisana kwamamotho kagesi, amandla kagesi, nezilawuli ezincane kuye kwakha isiyalo esisha esibizwa nge-motor control. Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa injini, udinga ukwazi ukuthi umthombo wamandla yi-DC noma i-AC. Uma kuyi-AC, udinga futhi ukwazi ukuthi iyisigaba sesithathu noma isigaba esisodwa. Ukuxhuma ukunikezwa kwamandla okungalungile kuzodala ukulahlekelwa nezingozi ezingadingekile. Ngemuva kokuthi i-motor ijikelezwe, uma umthwalo ungaxhumekile noma umthwalo ulula ukuze isivinini semoto sisheshe, amandla e-electromotive eyenziwe anamandla. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-voltage kuyo yonke i-motor iyi-voltage enikezwa amandla kagesi kukhishwe i-voltage ebangelwe, ngakho-ke i-current iba buthaka. Uma umthwalo wemoto usinda futhi isivinini sokuzungeza sihamba kancane, amandla e-electromotive ahlobene nawo mancane. Ngakho-ke, ukunikezwa kwamandla kumele kunikeze amandla amanje amakhulu (amandla) okukhiphayo/ukusebenza ahambisana namandla amakhulu adingekayo.
Imakethe emkhakheni wamamotho ezimboni iyashintsha, futhi abahlaseli abaningi bezimoto zezimboni bathembele emandleni abo aqinile ukutshala imakethe yomhlaba wonke. I-Business Opportunity Trading Network yethula izinkampani eziyishumi ezihamba phambili zikagesi emhlabeni kabanzi.
Siemens
Kusukela kubuchwepheshe bokwakha kanye nemishini yokuzenzakalela yabakhiqizi nezinkampani zokwakha, kuya kuma-imaging kanye nezinhlelo zokuxilonga ezibhedlela, namamotho kagesi wezinhlelo zokusebenza zezimboni neselula, i-Siemens ibonakala inakho yonke indawo. I-Siemens ibe ngenye yezinkampani ezihamba phambili emhlabeni wonke embonini yokukhiqiza izimoto iminyaka engaphezu kwe-150.
I-Toshiba Industrial Machine System
Njengomphakeli omkhulu wemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene nezisombululo emhlabeni, iToshiba Industrial Machinery Systems yangena embonini yezimoto ngo-1970 futhi isisungule isiko elibalulekile lokukhiqiza amanye amamotho athembekile futhi anamandla emakethe yomhlaba. Le nkampani inikeza izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zama-motor aphansi naphakathi, anezindinganiso ezintsha ekusebenzeni kahle nokuqina.
Iqembu le-ABB
Ngomlando weminyaka engaphezu kwe-130 yokusungula izinto zobuchwepheshe, i-ABB Group isibe umholi womhlaba emkhakheni wemikhiqizo yokufaka ugesi, i-automation yezimboni namagridi kagesi, amarobhothi nezemidlalo. Le nkampani isebenzela amakhasimende emkhakheni wezinsiza zomphakathi zomhlaba wonke, izimboni, ezokuthutha kanye nengqalasizinda.
Nidec
Ingumkhiqizi wezimoto nokulawula ohamba phambili e-Japan, ikakhulukazi ekhiqiza izimboni, izinto zasendlini kanye nemikhiqizo yabathengi. Ukuthengwa kuka-Emerson Power phambilini okumenyezelwe ukutholwa kwamabhizinisi akhe okuphehla ugesi, izimoto nokushayela sekuqediwe. Ngemuva kokutholwa, inkampani inesisekelo esiqinile sebhizinisi, izinzuzo zomkhiqizo ezisobala, kanye nesisekelo samakhasimende esihle, ikakhulukazi esifundeni esisenyakatho. Ngaphezu kwe-United States ne-Europe, inkampani yavuma ukusungula ubudlelwano ne-French automaker PSA Group futhi yatshala izigidi ezingama-261 zamadola aseMelika ukukhiqiza izinjini eFrance ukuze zidayiswe ngaphakathi nangaphandle.
I-Rockwell automation
I-Roxwell Automation yasungulwa ngo-1903 ngokutshalwa kwezimali kwe-1,000 US dollars. Kusukela lapho, umphakeli we-automation wezimboni wase-US usephenduke omunye wabaholi kubuchwepheshe be-automation global, okufakazele ukuthi uyisibonelo esiphumelelayo. Eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, ukutshalwa kwezimali kwenkampani ekuhwebeni kwembulunga yonke kanye nobuchwepheshe kulethe imakethe yayo eqondiswe kuyo ngaphezu kwe-US$90 billion.
I-AMETEK
Njengenhlangano esezingeni lomhlaba, i-AMETEK izibophezele ekunikezeni amakhasimende izixazululo ezibalulekile ezinseleleni eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ngokusungula izinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe. Inkampani engaphansi kwe-Atimek ye-Atimek's Advanced Motion Solutions (AMS) itholakala e-Kent, e-Ohio, futhi inikeza ama-DC motors, izilawuli/amadrayivu, abalandeli, amaphampu, ama-blower alawulwa ngokunemba, kanye nezinhlelo zokunyakaza ezinomugqa eziklanywe ngokwezifiso.
Regal Beloit
"Ukonga amandla kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo" ubuchwepheshe bomhlaba okonga amandla obuhlangabezana nezidingo zamakhasimende ngokuhlinzeka ngemikhiqizo namasevisi asezingeni lomhlaba. Izinjini zayo kanye nezinhlelo zokudluliswa kwamandla kube yimpumelelo. Amamotho ayo e-Genteq brand DC amboza cishe yonke imishini yesivinini esishintshashintshayo se-air conditioning e-United States, futhi izinjini zayo zeMarathon, i-Leeson kanye ne-GE motors commercial nazo zisetshenziswe kabanzi.
Iqembu le-Dechang
Eminyakeni engu-50 edlule, uJohnson Group ube ngumholi womhlaba wonke kumamotho, ama-motion sub-systems, ama-actuator kanye nezingxenye ze-electromechanical ezihlobene emikhakheni eqondile kanye namabhizinisi ezimbonini eziningi. Ubuchwepheshe obuqondene nohlelo lokusebenza kanye nobuholi bezobuchwepheshe amandla okushayela abalulekile enza uJohnson abe umholi womhlaba. UJohnson uhlinzeka ngesethi enkulu kunazo zonke yezinjini zobunjiniyela nezinhlelo ezinyakazayo, ezingalinganiswa, zikhiqizwe ngobuningi noma zenziwe ngokwezifiso ukuze zihlangabezane nezidingo zeminyango yamasu namakhasimende abalulekile.
UFranklin Electric
Kusukela kumkhiqizi wezimoto ezincane ukuya kumnikezeli ohamba phambili emhlabeni wamasistimu nezingxenye zokuletha uphethiloli namanzi, i-Franklin Electric ikhulisa ibhizinisi layo ngenkuthalo nangokubanzi, okuyenza ibe ngenye yabakhiqizi bezimoto abahamba phambili emhlabeni. I-Franklin Electric isebenzela amakhasimende kwezentengiselwano, zokuhlala, izimboni, ezolimo, umasipala kanye nezicelo zikaphethiloli emhlabeni wonke.
I-Allied Motion
U-Erid Mott usephenduke umkhiqizi ohamba phambili wemikhiqizo yokulawula ukunyakaza okunembayo nezixazululo ngenxa yolwazi lwakhe lobuchwepheshe bokunyakaza be-electromagnetic, mechanical and electronic. Isu layo lokukhula liwukuba umholi ezimakethe eziqondiwe ezikhethiwe, isebenzise ubuchwepheshe bayo ukuthuthukisa izixazululo zokunyakaza okunembayo, futhi isebenzise ubuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene bokunyakaza okuhlanganyelwe ukudala izixazululo zenani eliphezulu kumakhasimende.
