Imoto kagesi 1 isigaba sokusebenza kwe-induction motor
Uma sikhuluma kabanzi, injini iyisisetshenziswa sokuguqula amandla kagesi, okuhlanganisa injini ejikelezayo kanye nemoto emile. Injini ezungezayo iyithuluzi lokuguqula amandla elibona ukuguqulwa phakathi kwamandla kagesi namandla emishini ngokuya ngesimiso sokungeniswa kwe-electromagnetic; I-Static motor iyisisetshenziswa sikazibuthe sikagesi esibona ukushintshwa kwamandla kagesi ngokomthetho wokungeniswa kukagesi kanye nomgomo webhalansi yamandla kazibuthe, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-transformer. Kuleli phepha, sixoxa kakhulu ngenjini ejikelezayo. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezimoto ezijikelezayo, ezisetshenziswa kakhulu emkhakheni wemboni yesimanje. Kungashiwo ukuthi kuzoba khona injini ejikelezayo ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa kwamandla kagesi. Uma kuqhathaniswa nenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi nenjini yesitimu, ukusebenza kahle kwemoto ejikelezayo kuphakeme kakhulu; Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukudluliswa kwamandla kagesi kulula kakhulu futhi kushibhile kuneminye imithombo yamandla. Ukwengeza, amandla kagesi abuye abe nezici zokulawula okuhlanzekile, okungangcoli nokulula. Ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwemoto ejikelezayo kuya ngokuya kuyanda empilweni yangempela nasekuzijwayezeni ubunjiniyela. Amamotho ahlukene anezinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukene. Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza izimoto kanye nokujula kocwaningo mayelana nesimiso sokusebenza kwezinjini, kusenezinjini eziningi ezintsha, njenge-slotless brushless DC motor eyakhiwe inkampani ye-ead e-United States, i-low-power hybrid stepping. injini eyakhiwe yinkampani ye-servo eJapan, kanye ne-torque enkulu enesivinini esiphansi ethuthukiswe yi-China yamathuluzi emishini yezimboni namabhayisikili kagesi. Leli phepha lixoxa kakhulu ngezinhlobo nezindlela ezisetshenziswayo kwamanye amamotho.
1. Isimo samanje semboni yezimoto
Njengamanje, umthamo ofakiwe wamamotho eShayina usufinyelele ngaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-400 kW, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngonyaka sekufinyelele ku-120 kWh eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-60, okubalelwa ku-80% wawo wonke amandla asetshenziswa kazwelonke kanye nama-200% okusetshenziswa kwamandla ezimboni. Phakathi kwazo, inani eliphelele elifakiwe labalandeli, amaphampu amanzi kanye nama-compressor lidlule i-800 million KW, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngonyaka sekufinyelele ku-40 billion kWh, okubalelwa cishe ku-3% wengqikithi yokusetshenziswa kwamandla kazwelonke. Ngakho-ke, izidingo zokonga amandla zamamotho zinkulu futhi umphumela wokonga amandla ungabonakala kangcono. Idizayini entsha yezimoto, ubuchwepheshe obusha nezinto ezintsha zamukelwa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle komkhiqizo ngokunciphisa ukulahleka kwamandla kagesi, amandla ashisayo kanye namandla emishini. Ukusebenza kahle kwemoto esebenza kahle kakhulu nokonga amandla kucishe kube ngama-5% - 2% ngaphezu kwaleyo moto yendabuko. Njengamanje, ingxenye yenkomba ye-motor efinyelela ku-level 10 ye-energy efficiently ingaphansi kwe-XNUMX%, ngakho-ke indawo yokuthuthukiswa kwayo ibanzi. Ngokuthuthukiswa nokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-electronics amandla, ubuchwepheshe bekhompiyutha, ubuchwepheshe be-microelectronics kanye nethiyori yokulawula, inkambu yokusetshenziswa kwamamotho amancane naphakathi nendawo iya ngokuya iba banzi.
2. Iphethini yemboni yezimoto
Njengethuluzi elibalulekile lokuguqulwa kwamandla kagesi, i-motor iyingxenye eyisisekelo yokudluliselwa kukagesi. Inenhlobonhlobo yezicelo, inhlobonhlobo enkulu yemikhiqizo kanye nokucaciswa okuyinkimbinkimbi. Izici zomkhiqizo wayo zinquma ukuthi ukugxilwa kwezimboni akuphezulu, kunamabhizinisi amaningi okukhiqiza nezimboni ezincane ezihilelekile, futhi azikho izici ezisobala zezikhathi ezithile, zesifunda nezesizini. Njengamanje, bangaphezu kuka-2000 abakhiqizi bezimoto abahlukahlukene basekhaya nabancane nabaphakathi nendawo kanye nabakhiqizi abasekelayo, okuye kwaba umkhiqizo oyisisekelo obalulekile ekuthuthukisweni komnotho wezwe kanye nokuvikela izwe. Kukhona abakhiqizi abaningi embonini yasekhaya ehlukile futhi encane nephakathi nendawo. Ukuncintisana kwemakethe kubonakala kakhulu kokuqukethwe kwezobuchwepheshe, intengo kanye nezinga lokukhiqiza lemikhiqizo. Ngenxa yendlela yemakethe engaphelele, ukuncintisana kwamanani embonini kushube kakhulu, okube nomthelela omubi ekuthuthukisweni okuhle kwemboni. Ngokuphoqelelwa kokulebula kokusebenza kahle kwezimoto, ukubonakaliswa kwendima yokusinda emakethe kwabanamandla kakhulu kanye nokuqiniswa okwengeziwe kwezithiyo zokungena embonini, umthelela wokuncintisana wamanani uzoncipha kancane kancane.
Imoto kagesi 1 isigaba sokusebenza kwe-induction motor
3. Isimo sezulu esilindelekile semboni yezimoto
Njengamanje, imishini kagesi yaseShayina yenza cishe ama-21.5% emakethe yemishini kagesi emhlabeni wonke, ezokhula ngokusimama kwesimo somnotho samazwe ngamazwe. Imakethe yasekhaya izokhula ngokushesha kunezimakethe zaseYurophu nezaseMelika kanye namanye amazwe ohlelweni lweminyaka emihlanu oluzayo, ikakhulukazi imakethe yamamotho asebenza kahle kakhulu. Umkhuba wesikhathi esizayo wamamotho ngemuva kuka-2015, isidingo samamotha sizoshintshela ku-IE2 Standard Motors, kanti isabelo semakethe samamotho asebenza kahle kakhulu e-IE4 asikho phezulu. Kubikezelwa ukuthi ingxenye yemakethe ye-IE4 yohlobo lwe-ultra-high efficient motor izobalelwa ku-5% ngo-2015. Ukusimama kwesimo somnotho womhlaba ngo-2014 kuqale ukumila futhi kuzoqina ngo-2015. Ngalo moya wokusimama komnotho , njengokwenyuka kokutshalwa kwezimali ezimbonini zokukhiqiza nezokwakha ezifana nezokwakha zasolwandle nokwakhiwa kwemikhumbi nengqalasizinda kazwelonke, ukutshalwa kwezimali embonini yezempi, kanye nokubuyiselwa kokukhiqizwa kwabakhiqizi abahlukahlukene bezinto zikagesi, isidingo sama-motor sizoba ngu-7% - 10% ngaphezu kwalokho ngo-2013. Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane "nojantshi wesitimela ohamba ngesivinini esiphezulu" osekelwa izinqubomgomo zikazwelonke, amabhizinisi azokhulisa utshalomali ekusetshenzisweni nasekukhuthazeni izinjini ezisebenza kahle kakhulu. Uma kuqhathaniswa no-2013, kulindeleke ukuthi izinga lokukhuthazwa kwezinjini ezisebenza kahle kakhulu eziqede uhlelo lokusebenzisa amandla kagesi lizoba ngaphezu kwama-95%, futhi kuzoba khona impumelelo ethile ekuguqulweni kwesistimu yokonga ugesi. Ukusetshenziswa kwezicelo zezimoto emikhakheni okungezona izimboni bekulokhu kungumfutho wemboni yezimoto. Imboni yezimoto ingumthengi omkhulu wamamotho angewona wezimboni. Izimoto ezilula zinezinjini ezingaphezu kuka-30 ngemoto ngayinye ngokwesilinganiso. Isidingo samamotha ezintweni zasendlini kanye nemikhiqizo yokuhlala (yokushisa, ukungena komoya kanye nesimo somoya) imikhiqizo, isibonelo, amafriji nemishini yokuwasha engaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-450 zisebenzisa amamotho njalo ngonyaka; Idrayivu yediski kanye nefeni yokufaka umoya kukhompyutha ngayinye izosebenzisa amamotho amancane angu-3-6. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokukhula kwemishini yasendlini, uhlelo lokuhlala lwe-HVAC kulindeleke ukuthi luqhubekisele ukukhula ngokushesha kwamamotho. Ukusimama komnotho yindawo evamile, inqubomgomo ingamandla aqhubayo, futhi imakethe ingamandla aqhubayo. Ngo-2015, ukubamba isiqondiso sezimboni kanye nokuhlanganisa izinkomba zenqubomgomo kuzoba yisimo esisha emakethe yemboni yezimoto.
4. Ukuhlukaniswa nokusetshenziswa kwemoto
Njengoba sonke sazi, i-motor iyingxenye ebalulekile yokudlulisela nokulawula uhlelo. Ngokuthuthuka kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe besimanje, ukugxila kwemoto ekusebenzeni okungokoqobo sekuqalile ukusuka ekudluliselweni okulula kuya ekulawuleni okuyinkimbinkimbi; Ikakhulukazi ukulawula okunembile kwesivinini semoto, isikhundla kanye ne-torque. Kodwa-ke, ama-motor anemiklamo ehlukene nezindlela zokushayela ngokuya ngezicelo ezahlukahlukene. Ekuboneni kokuqala, kubonakala sengathi ukukhetha kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, kubantu, ukuhlukaniswa okuyisisekelo kwenziwa ngokuvumelana nenjongo yama-motor ajikelezayo. Okulandelayo, sizokwethula kancane kancane abamele kakhulu, abavame ukusetshenziswa futhi abayisisekelo motors - control motor, power motor kanye nesignali motor.
Imoto kagesi 1 isigaba sokusebenza kwe-induction motor
5. Injini yesiginali
5.1 imotho yesiginali yesikhundla
Njengamanje, amamotho esignali esikhundla amele kakhulu yi-resolver, inductosyn ne-synchro.
Isingeniso: i-solvent / transformer iyinzwa kagesi, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-synchronous resolution. Yinjini ye-AC encane esetshenziselwa ukukala i-engeli. Isetshenziselwa ukukala ukususwa kwe-angular kanye nesivinini se-angular shaft ejikelezayo yento ejikelezayo. Yakhiwe nge-stator ne-rotor. Njengohlangothi oluyinhloko lwe-transformer, i-stator winding ithola i-voltage ye-excitation, futhi imvamisa ye-excitation ngokuvamile i-400, 3000 kanye ne-5000Hz. Njengohlangothi lwesibili lwe-transformer, i-rotor winding ithola i-voltage eyenziwe ngokuhlanganisa i-electromagnetic coupling.
Isimo sohlelo lokusebenza: isixazululi siwuhlobo lwe-engeli enembile, indawo kanye nedivayisi yokubona isivinini, efaneleka kuzo zonke izikhathi zokuxazulula isixazululi lapho kusetshenziswa khona isishumeki esijikelezayo, ikakhulukazi ezikhathini lapho isishumeki esijikelezayo singakwazi ukusebenza ngokujwayelekile, njengezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, ukubanda okukhulu, umswakama, isivinini esikhulu kanye nokudlidliza okuphezulu. Ngenxa yezici ezingenhla, isixazululi singashintsha ngokuphelele isishumeki se-photoelectric futhi sisetshenziswa kabanzi kuma-engeli nasezinhlelweni zokubona indawo ezinhlelweni zokulawula i-servo, amasistimu wamarobhothi, amathuluzi emishini, izimoto, amandla kagesi, i-metallurgy, izindwangu, ukuphrinta, i-aerospace, imikhumbi, izikhali, i-electronics, i-metallurgy, izimayini, izinkundla zikawoyela, ukongiwa kwamanzi, imboni yamakhemikhali, imboni yokukhanya, ukwakhiwa kanye neminye imikhakha. Ingase futhi isetshenziselwe ukuhlanganisa ukuguqulwa, unxantathu kanye nokudluliswa kwedatha ye-engeli. Ingasetshenziswa futhi kudivayisi yokuguqula i-engeli njenge-engeli yesigaba esishintshashintshayo.
5.2 I-Inductosyn
Isingeniso: inzwa yokususwa eguqula isignali yokugudluka eyi-angular noma yomugqa ibe amandla kagesi e-AC, eyaziwa nangokuthi isixazululi se-planar. Inezinhlobo ezimbili: uhlobo lwediski kanye nohlobo lomugqa. Kusistimu yokubonisa yedijithali enembayo ephezulu noma uhlelo lwe-NC oluvaliwe lwe-loop, i-disk inductosyn isetshenziselwa ukuthola isignali ye-angular displacement, futhi i-inductosyn yomugqa isetshenziselwa ukuthola ukuthuthwa komugqa. I-Inductosyn isetshenziswa kakhulu ku-turntable ye-servo enembayo ephezulu, i-antenna ye-radar, ukubeka indawo nokulandelela i-artillery nesibonakude somsakazo, amathuluzi omshini we-CNC anembayo kanye nesistimu yokuthola indawo enembayo.
Isimo sohlelo lokusebenza: i-inductosyn isetshenziswe kabanzi esilinganisweni esikhulu sokufuduka esimile nesiguquguqukayo, njenge-CMM, amathuluzi omshini we-CNC alawulwa wuhlelo, amathuluzi emishini esindayo anembayo ephezulu kanye namadivayisi okulinganisa ezikhungo zomshini.
I-Inductosyn isebenzisa umgomo wokuhlanganisa i-electromagnetic coupling ukuze ibone ukufuduka, okunezinzuzo ezisobala: ukwethembeka okuphezulu, ikhono eliqinile lokulwa nokuphazamiseka, izidingo eziphansi zendawo yokusebenza, ingasebenza ngokujwayelekile ngaphandle kokulawula izinga lokushisa okungaguquki nendawo ezungezile embi, futhi ifanele indawo enzima. indawo yezimboni; Inzwa yegridi ibona ukutholwa kokususwa ngokusekelwe kumshini wesithombe sikagesi. Inokulungiswa okuphezulu, ukulinganisa okunembile nokufakwa nokusetshenziswa okulula. Inzwa yokugaya evaliwe isetshenziswa kabanzi esilinganisweni sobude kune-inductosyn ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwayo okuqinile endaweni yokusebenza, ukuthuthukiswa kwenani lenani lokusebenza kwenzwa yokugaya kanye nokunciphisa inkimbinkimbi yobuchwepheshe.
Imoto kagesi 1 isigaba sokusebenza kwe-induction motor
5.3. I-Syncro
Isingeniso: i-synchro iyinjini encane engenisayo eshintsha i-engeli ibe amandla kagesi we-AC noma isuka ku-voltage ye-AC iye engeli ngokusebenzisa izici zesinyathelo sokuzishuna. Isetshenziswa njengenzwa yokususa ukulinganisa i-engeli kusistimu ye-servo. I-synchro ingasetshenziswa futhi ukubona ukudluliswa kwebanga elide, ukuguqulwa, ukwamukela kanye nenkomba yamasignali e-engeli. Amamotho amabili noma ngaphezulu angagcina ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuguqulwa kwe-engeli efanayo noma ukuzungezisa okuvumelanayo kwamashafti amabili noma ngaphezulu azungezayo angaxhumekile komunye nomunye ngomshini ngoxhumo lwamasekhethi. Lokhu kusebenza kwenjini kubizwa ngokuthi yi-self-tuning character. Kusistimu ye-servo, i-synchro esetshenziswa iqembu elikhiqiza isignali ibizwa ngokuthi i-transmitter, futhi i-synchro esetshenziswa iqembu elithola isignali ibizwa ngokuthi umamukeli. I-synchro isetshenziswa kabanzi kusistimu ye-azimuth synchronous inkomba efana ne-metallurgy nokuzulazula, nezinhlelo ze-servo ezifana ne-artillery ne-radar.
Isimo sohlelo lokusebenza: i-synchro ingasetshenziswa futhi ukubona ukudluliswa kwebanga elide, ukuguqulwa, ukwamukela kanye nenkomba yesiginali ye-engeli. Amamotho amabili noma ngaphezulu angagcina ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuguqulwa kwe-engeli efanayo noma ukuzungezisa okuvumelanayo kwamashafti amabili noma ngaphezulu azungezayo angaxhumekile komunye nomunye ngomshini ngoxhumo lwamasekhethi. Lokhu kusebenza kwemoto kubizwa ngokuthi yi-self-tuning character. Kusistimu ye-servo, i-synchro esetshenziswa iqembu elikhiqiza isignali ibizwa ngokuthi i-transmitter, futhi i-synchro esetshenziswa iqembu elithola isignali ibizwa ngokuthi umamukeli. I-synchro isetshenziswa kabanzi kusistimu ye-azimuth synchronous inkomba efana ne-metallurgy nokuzulazula, nezinhlelo ze-servo ezifana ne-artillery ne-radar.
5.4 injini yesiginali yesivinini
Injini yesignali yesivinini emele kakhulu i-tachogenerator, okuyisici esizibuthe se-electromechanical esiguqula isivinini sibe isignali kagesi, futhi i-voltage yayo ephumayo ilingana ngokuqondile nesivinini. Ngokuya ngesimiso sokusebenza, kungokwesigaba "se-generator". I-tachogenerator isetshenziswa kakhulu njengento yokudambisa, isici esihlukanisayo, isici esibalulekile kanye nesici se-tachometer ohlelweni lokulawula. Ngakho-ke ngeke ngichaze kakhulu lapha.
Imoto kagesi 1 isigaba sokusebenza kwe-induction motor
6. Injini yamandla
6.1 DC motor
Isingeniso: I-DC motor iyinjini yokuqala. Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, ingahlukaniswa izigaba ezimbili: nge-commutator futhi ngaphandle komgibeli. I-DC motor inezici zokulawula ezingcono. I-DC motor ingaphansi kwe-AC motor ngesakhiwo, intengo nokugcinwa. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yenkinga yokulawula isivinini se-AC motor ayizange ixazululwe kahle, futhi i-DC motor inezinzuzo zokusebenza kahle kokulawula isivinini, ukuqala okulula nokulayisha ukuqala, i-DC motor isasetshenziswa kabanzi, ikakhulukazi ngemva kokuvela kwe-thyristor. Ukunikezwa kwamandla kwe-DC.
Isimo sohlelo lokusebenza: empilweni, kunezicelo ezingenakubalwa zemikhiqizo kagesi. Ifeni, insingo, njll. Amamotho e-DC asetshenziswa eminyango ezenzakalelayo, izingidi ezizenzakalelayo namakhethini azenzakalelayo emahhotela. Amamotho e-DC asetshenziswa kakhulu ezindizeni, emathangeni, e-radar nakwezinye izikhali nemishini. Injini ye-DC iphinde isetshenziswe kabanzi ekuthambekeni kwesitimela, okufana nesitimela sesitimela i-DC traction motor, isitimela esingaphansi kwesitimela esingaphansi kwe-DC traction motor, isitimela sesitimela esingumsizi se-DC, injini yezimayini ye-DC traction motor, i-marine DC motor, njll. Isithombe esingenhla sibonisa injini ye-Z4 Series DC.
6.2 AC motor
Isingeniso: I-asynchronous motor iyinjini ye-AC ebona ukuguqulwa kwamandla ngokusekelwe ku-torque kagesi ekhiqizwa ukuxhumana phakathi kwegebe lomoya elizungeza indawo kazibuthe kanye ne-rotor winding eyenziwe yamanje. Ama-Asynchronous motors ngokuvamile ayimikhiqizo ewuchungechunge enezinhlobonhlobo zokucaciswa. Zisetshenziswa kakhulu kuwo wonke ama-motor futhi zinesidingo esikhulu kunazo zonke; Njengamanje, cishe u-90% wemishini ekudrayivu kagesi isebenzisa i-AC asynchronous motor, ngakho-ke ukusetshenziswa kwayo kwamandla kubala ngaphezu kwesigamu samandla aphelele.
I-Asynchronous motor inezinzuzo zesakhiwo esilula, ukukhiqiza okulula, ukusetshenziswa nokugcinwa, ukusebenza okuthembekile, izinga eliphansi kanye nezindleko eziphansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-asynchronous motor inesebenza kahle kakhulu nezici ezinhle zokusebenza. Ihamba ngesivinini esingaguquki ukusuka ekungalayishweni kuye kogcwele, okungahlangabezana nezidingo zokudlulisela zemishini eminingi yokukhiqiza yezimboni nezolimo. Ama-asynchronous motors asetshenziswa kakhulu ukushayela iningi lemishini yokukhiqiza yezimboni nezolimo, njengamathuluzi omshini, amaphampu amanzi, ama-blower, ama-compressor, imishini yokuphakamisa, imishini yezimayini, imishini yezimboni elula, imishini yokucubungula imikhiqizo yezolimo neseceleni, kanye nemishini yasendlini kanye nezokwelapha. amadivaysi.
Isimo sohlelo lokusebenza: i-asynchronous motor yesigaba esisodwa kanye ne-asynchronous motor enezigaba ezintathu zivame kakhulu ku-asynchronous motor. I-asynchronous motor yezigaba ezintathu iwumzimba oyinhloko we-asynchronous motor. I-asynchronous motor yezigaba ezintathu ingasetshenziswa ukushayela zonke izinhlobo zemishini evamile, njenge-compressor, iphampu yamanzi, i-crusher, ithuluzi lomshini wokusika, imishini yokuthutha kanye nezinye izinto zokusebenza zemishini, ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ezimayini. Omakhenikha. Isetshenziswa njenge-prime mover emabhizinisini ahlukahlukene ezimboni nasezimayini njenge-metallurgy, petroleum, imboni yamakhemikhali kanye nesiteshi sikagesi. Ezinjini ezisetshenziselwa ukushayela izifutha, izigayo zamalahle, izigayo eziginqikayo kanye nama-hoists, kuzonikezwa imininingwane efanele yezobuchwepheshe lapho ku-oda, futhi kuzosayinwa isivumelwano sobuchwepheshe njengesisekelo sokuklama okukhethekile kwamamotho ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuthembekile kwezinjini. Isigaba esisodwa esivumelanayo amamotho ngokuvamile asetshenziswa lapho ukunikezwa kwamandla kwezigaba ezintathu kungasebenzi kahle. Iningi lazo zingama-motor amancane namancane, asetshenziswa kakhulu ezintweni zasendlini, njengabalandeli bakagesi, iziqandisi, ama-air conditioner, ama-vacuum cleaners nokunye.
