I-gearbox ku-turbine yomoya iyingxenye ebalulekile yemishini, futhi umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukudlulisa amandla akhiqizwa yisondo lomoya ngaphansi kokusebenza komoya ku-generator futhi iyenze ithole isivinini esihambisanayo.
Isingeniso:
Ngokuvamile, isivinini sokuzungeza sesondo lomoya siphansi kakhulu, singaphansi kakhulu kunejubane lokuzungeza elidingwa ijeneretha ukuze kuphehlwe ugesi. Kumele kubonakale ngomphumela okhuphuka ngesivinini wegiya lebhokisi legiya, ngakho-ke ibhokisi legiya libuye libizwe ngebhokisi elinyusa isivinini. Ngokwezidingo ezijwayelekile zeyunithi, kwesinye isikhathi i-drive shaft (evame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-shaft enkulu) exhumeke ngqo endaweni yesondo lomoya ihlanganiswe nebhokisi legiya, noma i-shaft enkulu nebhokisi legiya kuhlelwa ngokuhlukana, lapho kusetshenziswa imikhono yokwandisa noma ukuhlanganisa Isakhiwo esixhunyiwe. Ukuze ukhuphule umthamo wokubhuleka weyunithi, idivayisi yebhuleki imvamisa ukufakwa ekugcineni kwebhokisi lokufaka noma lokuphumayo, bese ihlanganiswa ne-blade tip braking (isondo elinomoya eliqinile) noma i-variable-pitch braking device ukuze ibhuleki ngokuhlanganyela. uhlelo lokudlulisa lweyunithi.
uqaphele:
Njengoba iyunithi ifakwe ezimbotsheni ezifana nezintaba, ehlane, emabhishi, eziqhingini, njll., ingaphansi kwezinguquko ezingavamile endleleni nomthwalo kanye nomthelela wokuqhuma okunamandla. Ibhekene nokushisa okukhulu nokubanda kanye nokwehluka kwezinga lokushisa elidlulele unyaka wonke, futhi indawo yemvelo ayihambisani nokuhamba. U-gearbox ufakwe endaweni ewumngcingo phezulu kombhoshongo. Uma isihlulekile, kuba nzima kakhulu ukuyilungisa. Ngakho-ke, ukwethembeka kwayo kanye nempilo yesevisi kuphakeme kakhulu kunaleyo yemishini evamile. Isibonelo, izidingo zezinto zokwakha zengxenye, ngaphezu kwezakhiwo zemishini ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, kufanele futhi zibe nezici ezifana nokumelana nokubanda kwe-brittleness ngaphansi kwezimo eziphansi zokushisa; ukusebenza kahle kwe-gearbox kufanele kuqinisekiswe ukuvimbela ukudlidliza nokushaqeka; izimo zokugcoba ezanele kufanele ziqinisekiswe, njalonjalo. Ezindaweni ezinomehluko omkhulu wokushisa phakathi kobusika nehlobo, izinto zokushisisa ezifanele nokupholisa kufanele zifakwe. Setha futhi izindawo zokuqapha ukuze ulawule ukude ukusebenza kanye nesimo sokuthambisa.
Izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinjini zomoya zinezidingo ezihlukene, ngakho-ke ukwakheka nokwakheka kwama-gearbox kuhlukile. Embonini yamandla omoya, ukuhanjiswa kwegiya le-parallel shaft okugxilile kanye nokudluliselwa kwegiya leplanethi yizona ezivame kakhulu kuma-axis wind turbines avundlile.
Umthelela wezimo zemvelo:
Ukukhiqizwa kwamandla omoya kuthintwa izimo zemvelo. Ukuvela kwezinye izimo zezulu ezikhethekile kungase kubangele ukungasebenzi kahle kwenjini yomoya. I-nacelle encane ayikwazi ukuba nesisekelo esiqinile njengaphansi. Ukufanisa amandla nokudlidliza kwe-torsion kuso sonke isitimela sokushayela Izinto zihlale zigxile kusixhumanisi esibuthakathaka. Ukuzijwayeza okuningi kufakazele ukuthi le link ivamise ukuba wugearbox okhona. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqinisa ucwaningo ku-gearbox futhi unake ukulungiswa kwayo.
Ngokwethula ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe obuvela e-German RENK, le nkampani ithuthukise ngempumelelo uchungechunge lwemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene ye-gearbox yamandla omoya asolwandle kanye nasemhlabeni esukela ku-1.5MW kuya ku-5MW. Njengamanje, ama-prototypes we-gearbox yamandla omoya angu-5MW axhunywe kugridi ukuze akhiqize ugesi, futhi ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi sekuzuziwe, nokusebenza esizeni kusesimweni esihle. Umklamo ophelele wesikimu wamabhokisi wamandla omoya ungaklanywa ngezinhlaka ezihlukene zesilinganiso sejubane ngokuya ngezidingo zabasebenzisi, futhi ungaklanywa nge-prototype ephezulu, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, izinga lokushisa eliphansi kanye nezinyusi zesivinini somoya ophansi ngokwezidingo zomsebenzisi.
Ukwenyuka komthamo weyunithi yeyunithi eyodwa Ukwenyuka komthamo weyunithi yeyunithi yamandla omoya kulungele ukuthuthukisa izinga lokusebenzisa amandla omoya, ukwehlisa indawo yepulazi lomoya, ukwehlisa ukusebenza kanye nezindleko zokunakekela ipulazi lomoya, kanye nokwenza ngcono ukuncintisana kwemakethe. kwamandla omoya.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, zonke izinjini zomoya zasolwandle ziyaguqulwa zisuka kumaturbine omoya asogwini, futhi izimo zemvelo eziyinkimbinkimbi zasogwini zenza izinga lokuhluleka kwezinjini zomoya lihlale liphezulu, njengepulazi lomoya elingasogwini elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni e-Denmark's Horn Reef Wind Farm, 80 offshore wind. amapulazi Izinga lokuhluleka kweyunithi lidlula ama-70%. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, igridi ngeke ikwazi ukumelana namandla amakhulu ahlinzekwa iziza ezinkulu zamandla omoya ogwini lolwandle. Ngakho-ke, ukuthuthukiswa okukhulu kwamandla omoya ogwini lolwandle kusadinga ukuxazulula izinkinga zokukhiqiza amayunithi kanye nezinsiza ezisekela i-inthanethi.
Ubuchwepheshe be-variable-speed constant-frequency technology bukhuthazwa ngokushesha. Njengamanje, izinjini zomoya ezisebenza ngesivinini esingaguquki emakethe ngokuvamile zamukela amajeneretha a-asynchronous anesakhiwo esinamawindi amabili futhi asebenza ngesivinini esibili. Esigabeni sesivinini somoya omkhulu, ijeneretha isebenza ngesivinini esiphezulu; engxenyeni yesivinini somoya ophansi, ijeneretha igijima ngesivinini esiphansi. Izinzuzo zayo ukulawula okulula nokuthembeka okuphezulu; okubi ukuthi isivinini sokuzungeza asishintshi futhi isivinini somoya sivame ukushintsha, ngakho iyunithi ivamise ukuba sesimweni esinesici sokusebenzisa amandla omoya aphansi, futhi amandla omoya awakwazi ukusetshenziswa ngokugcwele.
Ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe bamandla omoya, ukuthuthukiswa kwenjini yomoya kanye nabakhiqizi baqala ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe besivinini esishintshashintshayo esingaguquki, futhi kuhlanganiswe nokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bephimbo eliguquguqukayo ukuze kwakhiwe izinjini zomoya eziguquguqukayo nezinesivinini esiguquguqukayo. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinjini zomoya ezisebenza ngesivinini esingaguquki, izinjini zomoya ezisebenza ngesivinini esiguquguqukayo zinezinzuzo zokuphehla amandla amakhulu, ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ezinhle ezinguqukweni zesivinini somoya, izindleko zokukhiqiza eziphansi, nokusebenza kahle okuphezulu. Ngakho-ke, izinjini zomoya eziguquguqukayo nazo zingenye yezindlela zokuthuthuka zesikhathi esizayo. Izinkampani zaseJalimane njengamanje ziyinkampani ekhiqiza izinjini zomoya ezishintshashintsha kakhulu emhlabeni.
Izinjini zomoya zokushayela okuqondile kanye ne-semi-direct-drive wind turbines zomoya eziqondisa ngqo zisebenzisa ama-multi-pole motors nama-impeller axhumeke ngokuqondile ekushayeleni, aqeda isidingo samabhokisi kagiya anamazinga aphezulu okuhluleka, ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu ngesivinini esiphansi somoya, umsindo ophansi nempilo ende. , Izinzuzo zezindleko eziphansi zokusebenza nokugcinwa. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, isabelo somthamo ofakiwe wezinjini zomoya eziqhutshwa ngqo senyuke kakhulu, kodwa ngenxa yezizathu zobuchwepheshe nezindleko, izinjini zomoya ezinamabhokisi akhuphuka ngesivinini asazobusa imakethe isikhathi eside esikhathini esizayo. I-Semi-direct drive iyindlela yokushayela phakathi kwe-gearbox drive kanye ne-direct drive. Isebenzisa u-gearbox wesiteji sokuqala ukunyusa isivinini, inokwakheka okuhlangene, futhi inejubane eliphezulu kanye netorque encane. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-gearbox drive yendabuko, i-semi-direct drive ikhulisa ukuthembeka kohlelo; futhi uma kuqhathaniswa nedrayivu eqondile enobubanzi obukhulu, i-semi-direct drive inciphisa ivolumu nesisindo sohlelo ngohlelo lwekhabhini olusebenza kahle futhi oluhlangene.
Amagiya angaphandle amagiya wamandla omoya ngokuvamile asebenzisa inqubo yokugaya igiya yokucisha i-carburizing. Ngenxa yokwethulwa kwenani elikhulu lemishini yokugaya igiya esebenza kahle kakhulu futhi enembayo ephezulu ye-CNC, izinga lokuqeda lamabhokisi anamandla omoya selithuthuke kakhulu. Usayizi wegiya lendandatho enkulu kanye nezidingo zokunemba okuphezulu komshini wamagiya wamandla omoya kufanele kubonakale enqubweni yokwenza amazinyo kanye nokulawulwa kokonakala kokwelashwa kokushisa kwegiya langaphakathi le-helical.
Ukunemba komshini kwekesi, othwala iplanethi, i-shaft yokufaka nezinye izingxenye zesakhiwo sebhokisi lamandla omoya kunethonya elibaluleke kakhulu kwikhwalithi ye-meshing yokudluliswa kwegiya kanye nempilo yokuthwala. Izinga le-assembly liphinde linqume impilo ka-gearbox wamandla omoya. Izinga lokuthembeka. Ngakho-ke, ukutholwa kwama-gearbox wamandla omoya asezingeni eliphakeme nanokwethenjelwa okuphezulu kudinga ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi okuqinile kuzo zonke izici zenqubo yokukhiqiza, ngaphezu kobuchwepheshe bokuklama nokusekelwa okudingekayo kwemishini yokukhiqiza.
Ku-gearbox oyinhloko we-turbine yomoya, uma uwoyela usungcoliswe amanzi futhi ungatholakali futhi uphathwe ngesikhathi, umthelela ngokungangabazeki uyabulala. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukunciphisa i-viscosity yamafutha, ukucekela phansi ifilimu kawoyela, ukusheshisa i-oxidation yamafutha, okuholela emvula yezithasiselo, bese Kudala ukulimala kwezingxenye.
Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha kukawoyela ku-gearbox oyinhloko we-fan, ukuvimbela amanzi ukuthi angangeni ohlelweni kuyindlela ephumelelayo yokubhekana nokungcoliswa kwamanzi, njengokushintsha njalo nokufakwa kwama-respirators-proof-proof, kodwa lapho uhlelo lukhona. engcoliswe amanzi, izindlela zokwelashwa ezihambisanayo nazo kufanele zithathwe .
Faka ishubhu yokumunca ohlelweni lokuhlunga lwe-bypass yebhokisi legiya le-wind turbine, i-polymer eyakhelwe ngaphakathi emunca kakhulu, ukusebenza kahle kokumuncwa kwamanzi kuphezulu ngokufika ku-95%. Amafutha ayashiswa, futhi amanzi ayahwamuka esomisweni ngaphandle kokubangela ukuba amafutha afakwe i-oxidized emazingeni okushisa aphakeme kakhulu. Umshini we-vacuum wokukhipha amanzi emzimbeni ophezulu ungasusa u-80% kuya ku-90% wamanzi ancibilikile.
Ingxenye enkulu yokuhluleka kwama-gearbox anamandla omoya kudalwa amagiya. Indawo yokusebenza kwamagiya iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ukugcwala isikhathi eside, ukungagcobi kahle, ukufakwa okungalungile kwamabheringi noma amagiya, kanye nokungaxhunywa kahle kwamagiya ngokwawo kuzodala ukungasebenzi kwamagiya kanye nempilo ibe mfushane. .
Ukutholwa kokudlidliza okwamanje kuyindlela ebanzi nesebenzayo yokuthola ukwehluleka kwebhokisi lamandla omoya. Inqobo nje uma ukusetshenziswa kwemishini efanele yokubona ukudlidliza ukuqoqa idatha nokuhlaziya kunganquma ukusebenza kwegiya, ukukhanda okufika ngesikhathi kanye nokushintshwa kwezingxenye ezinephutha ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuvamile kwemishini, ngisho Vimbela ukwehluleka kusenesikhathi ukwandisa ukuphila kwezingxenye.
Lapho igiya le-gearbox yamandla omoya ligqoka, ukuphakama kwebhande eseceleni kwe-meshing frequency kuzokhuphuka kakhulu. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, imvamisa yemvelo yegiya izovela futhi kuzoba nokushintshwa kwemvamisa. Ngokuvamile, lapho umthwalo uphezulu, imvamisa ye-meshing ephezulu kakhulu kanye nemvamisa yayo ye-harmonic izovela. Imvamisa ye-gear meshing kanye nama-harmonics ayo ashintshwa yimvamisa yokujikeleza, futhi ukudlidliza kwemvamisa yemvelo kwenzeka; lapho igiya lingahambi kahle, ama-harmonic aphezulu emvamisa ye-gear meshing ngokuvamile akhiqizwa, futhi i-amplitude yefrikhwensi yokuqala iphansi futhi ukuphakama kwezikhathi ezimbili nezikhathi ezintathu kuphakeme.
Ngemuva kokuthi idatha yokudlidliza isiqoqwe, imvamisa ye-meshing yegiya ingabalwa ngokuya ngedatha efana nenani lamazinyo nesivinini sebhokisi lamandla omoya, nezici ezikusizinda sesikhathi noma i-frequency spectrum ingasetshenziswa ukuxilonga. iphutha lika-gearbox. Kodwa-ke, ekusebenzeni okusebenzayo, ngenxa yokuthi kukhona amasethi amaningi wamagiya nama-bearings ku-gearbox, isivinini asimile. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Spectrum kuvame ukuba namafrikhwensi ahlukahlukene, amanye awo asondelene kakhulu, okwenza kube nzima ukuwabona.
Ngalesi sikhathi, sidinga ukuhlanganisa ukuhlaziywa kwe-amplitude ngokusekelwe endaweni yephuzu lokulinganisa. Ku-gearbox ngamunye, lapho lisesimeni esihle sokusebenza, qoqa i-spectrum frequency spectrum, futhi uyiqhathanise ne-reference frequency spectrum ekuqaphelweni kwesimo kanye nokuxilongwa kwamaphutha. inkinga.
Ukukhiqizwa kwamandla omoya kusebenzisa umoya ukushayela ama-windmill blades, bese kwenyusa isivinini sokuzungezisa ngesinyusi isivinini ukukhuthaza ijeneretha ukuthi ikhiqize ugesi. Ngokobuchwepheshe bamanje be-windmill, ukukhiqizwa kukagesi kungaqala ngesivinini esihelezayo esingamamitha amathathu ngomzuzwana.
I-turbine yomoya yakhiwe ngekhala, umzimba ojikelezayo, umsila nama-blades. Ingxenye ngayinye ibalulekile. Ama-blade asetshenziselwa ukwamukela umoya futhi aphenduke ugesi ngekhala; umsila ugcina ama-blades njalo ebheke isiqondiso somoya ongenayo ukuze athole amandla amakhulu omoya; umzimba ojikelezayo ungenza ikhala lijikeleze ngokuguquguquka ukuze libone umsebenzi wokulungisa isiqondiso somsila; I-rotor yekhanda lomshini inguzibuthe ongapheli, futhi i-stator winding isika imigqa yamagnetic yamandla ukuze ikhiqize ugesi.
I-nacelle iqukethe izinto ezibalulekile ze-wind turbine, kuhlanganise nama-gearbox nama-generator. Izisebenzi zesondlo zingangena ku-nacelle ngombhoshongo wenjini yomoya. Ukuphela kwesobunxele kwe-nacelle yi-rotor ye-turbine yomoya, okungukuthi ama-rotor blades kanye ne-shaft. Ama-rotor blades asetshenziselwa ukubamba umoya futhi awudlulisele ku-axis ye-rotor.
I-low-speed shaft yokukhiqiza amandla omoya ixhuma i-rotor shaft ne-gear box. I-low-speed shaft ingasohlangothini lwesokunxele ku-gear box, okwazi ukukhuphula ijubane lika-shaft wejubane eliphindwe ka-50 kunele-low-speed. I-high-speed shaft kanye ne-mechanical brake: I-shaft enesivinini esiphezulu igijima ngo-1500 revolutions ngomzuzu futhi ishayela i-generator. Ifakwe ibhuleki lomshini eliphuthumayo, elisetshenziswa lapho ibhuleki le-aerodynamic lihluleka noma lapho kulungiswa i-wind turbine.
Isilawuli se-elekthronikhi sokukhiqiza amandla omoya sihlanganisa ikhompuyutha ehlala iqapha isimo sejeneretha yamandla omoya futhi ilawula idivayisi ye-yaw. Ukuze uvimbele noma yikuphi ukungasebenzi kahle, isilawuli singamisa ngokuzenzakalelayo ukujikeleza kwenjini yomoya futhi sishayele u-opharetha weturbine yomoya ngemodemu yocingo.
Uhlelo lwe-hydraulic lwamandla omoya lusetshenziselwa ukusetha kabusha ibhuleki ye-aerodynamic yejeneretha yomoya; isici sokupholisa siqukethe isiphephetha-moya sokupholisa ijeneretha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iqukethe into yokupholisa uwoyela yokupholisa uwoyela ku-gearbox. Amanye ama-turbines omoya anamajeneretha apholile ngamanzi.
