Isimo sokuthuthuka kanye neProspect of DC motor speed regulating circuit
Enqubweni yokukhiqizwa kwezimboni zesimanje, cishe akukho ndawo ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa kokushayela kukagesi. Ngokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza, ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo kanye nokuphumayo, imishini yokukhiqiza eyengeziwe iyadingeka ukuze kutholakale ukulawulwa kwejubane okuzenzakalelayo. I-adjustable speed electric drive system ingahlukaniswa ibe yi-DC speed regulation kanye ne-AC speed regulation. Imoto ye-DC inezici ezinhle kakhulu zokulawula isivinini, ukulawulwa kwejubane okushelelayo futhi okulula, ukulawulwa kwejubane okulula ukushelela ebangeni elikhulu, umthamo omkhulu wokugcwala, ingamelana nemithwalo evame ukuthinteka, ikwazi ukubona ukuqalisa okusheshayo okungenazinyathelo, ukubhuleka nokuhlehla, futhi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezihlukahlukene zokusebenza ezikhethekile ohlelweni lokukhiqiza oluzenzakalelayo. Kuze kube manje, isasetshenziswa kabanzi kumathuluzi omshini wokusika insimbi, imishini yamaphepha kanye nezinye izinkambu ezidinga idrayivu kagesi elawulekayo esebenza kahle, Ngakho-ke, uhlelo lokulawula isivinini se-DC lusasetshenziswa kabanzi eminyangweni ehlukahlukene yokukhiqiza enezidingo eziphezulu zokulawula okuzenzakalelayo. Iwuhlobo oluyinhloko lwesistimu yokulawula isivinini kuze kube manje.Amamotho e-DC ahlukaniswe izigaba ezimbili: abagibeli nabangewona abagibeli. I-Brushless DC motor ithuthukiswa ngesisekelo se-Brushless DC motor. Ngo-1831, uFaraday wathola isenzakalo sokungeniswa kwe-electromagnetic, eyabeka isisekelo sethiyori semoto yesimanje.
Imoto yokuqala ye-DC yathuthukiswa ngempumelelo ngawo-1840. Kuthathe cishe iminyaka engama-70 ukuthi injini ye-DC ivuthwe. Ngokunwetshwa kokusetshenziswa, izidingo zemoto ye-DC ziphezulu futhi ziphakeme. Ngokusobala, idivayisi yokuguqula othintana naye ikhawulela ukusetshenziswa kwe-brush DC motor ezikhathini eziningi. Ukuze kushintshwe idivayisi yokuxhumana eyimishini yesakhiwo se-brush commutator ye-brush DC motor, abantu benze ukuhlola kwesikhathi eside. Kusukela ngo-1915, i-langmil yaseMelika yasungula isilungisi se-mercury esilawula igridi futhi yenza idivayisi ye-inverter isuka ku-DC iye ku-AC; Ngawo-1930, kwahlongozwa ukuthi kusetshenziswe idivayisi ye-ion ukuze kuqaliswe lokho okubizwa ngokuthi yi-commutator motor lapho i-stator winding ye-motor ishintshwa khona ngokusho kwendawo ye-rotor. Lolu hlobo lwenjini alunakubaluleka okungokoqobo ngenxa yokungathembeki kwayo okuphansi, ukusebenza kahle okuphansi kanye nedivayisi esindayo futhi eyinkimbinkimbi.Ukuthuthuka okusheshayo kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe kulethe ukugxuma kwezobuchwepheshe be-semiconductor. Intuthuko eyimpumelelo yokushintsha i-transistor ilethe ubungqabavu ekwakhiweni kwemoto entsha - i-brushless DC motor.
Isimo sokuthuthuka kanye neProspect of DC motor speed regulating circuit
Ngo-1955, u-D. Harrison kanye nabanye e-United States baqala ukufaka isicelo selungelo lobunikazi ukuze bathathele indawo ibhulashi lemoto ngomugqa wokushintsha i-transistor, okuyisibonelo se-Brushless DC motor. Yakhiwe ingxenye yokukhulisa amandla, ingxenye yokutholwa kwesignali, umzimba wezigxobo kazibuthe kanye nesekethe yokushintsha i-transistor. Isimiso sayo sokusebenza siwukuthi lapho i-rotor izungeza, amandla esiginali yezikhathi ezithile ayengelwa ku-winding signaling W1 noma W2. Lesi siginali sivula ama-transistors BG1 kanye ne-BG2 ngokulandelanayo, okwenza ama-windings amandla i-W1 kanye ne-W2 feed ngokushintshana, okungukuthi, ukuguqulwa kuyenzeka. Inkinga yukuthi, okokuqala, lapho i-rotor ingaguquki, akukho mandla atholwe ekuvuthweni kwesignali, i-transistor ayichemi, futhi amandla omoya angakwazi ukondla, ngakho-ke le moto ye-brushless ayinakho i-torque yokuqala; okwesibili, ngenxa yokukhuphuka okuncane okuholayo kwamandla wesignali, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwe-transistor kukhulu. Ukuze unqobe lezi zinkinga, abantu basebenzisa i-commutator yedivayisi ye-centrifugal noma babeke insimbi yamagnetic eyisiza ku-stator ukuze baqinisekise ukuqala okuthembekile kwe-motor, kodwa isakhiwo sangaphambili siyinkimbinkimbi, kuyilapho lesi sakamuva sisadinga i-pulse yokuqala eyengeziwe; Bese, ngemva kokuhlolwa okuphindaphindiwe nokuzijwayeza okuqhubekayo, abantu ekugcineni bathola idivayisi yokushintsha imishini isebenzisa inzwa yendawo kanye nesekhethi yokushintsha i-electronic ukuze ithathe indawo ye-brushless DC motor, okuvule indlela entsha yokuthuthukiswa kwe-Brushless DC motor. Ekuqaleni kwawo-1960, inzwa ye-proximity switch type position, inzwa ye-electromagnetic resonance type position kanye ne-high-frequency coupling type position sensor eyenza ukusondela entweni ethile yaphuma ilandelana, bese kuphuma i-Magnetoelectric coupling kanye nezinzwa ze-photoelectric position. ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kobuchwepheshe be-semiconductor, abantu banesithakazelo kumphumela weHholo owatholwa ihholo laseMelika ngo-1879. Ngemva kwemizamo eminingi, i-brushless DC motor ngosizo lwe-Hall effect yavivinywa ngempumelelo ngo-1962. Ngokuvela kwe-diode magnetic sensitive okuyinto izinkulungwane zezikhathi ezizwela kakhulu kune-element ye-Hall, ekuqaleni kwawo-1970, injini ye-DC engenamabhulashi ngosizo lwe-magnetic sensitive diode yathuthukiswa ngempumelelo.
Ngenkathi bethuthukisa izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezinzwa zokuma, abantu bazama ukuthola i-brushless DC motor ngaphandle kwesakhiwo sezinzwa zokuma. Ngo-1968, w. u-mieslinger we-Federal Republic of Germany yangaphambili uhlongoze indlela entsha yokuthola uguquko ngokusebenzisa i-capacitive phase-shifting: ngenxa yalesi sisekelo, u-R. hanitsh we-Federal Republic of Germany yangaphambilini wakha ngempumelelo injini ye-DC engena-brushless ngaphandle kwenzwa yokuma eyengeziwe ukuze akwazi ukushintsha inhlanganisela ye-digital ring distributor kanye ne-zero crossing discriminator. Abantu bazibophezele ocwaningweni lwe-positionless sensor. Ngokwendlela yokuhlonza indawo yesigxobo se-rotor ye-synchronous motor, indawo yesigxobo se-rotor ye-Brushless DC motor itholakala ngokungaqondile kusetshenziswa amandla e-electromotive (i-voltage) e-stator winding, okungukuthi, indlela yokuthola engaqondile. Uma kuqhathaniswa nendlela yokuthola okuqondile, inzwa yokuma ayifakwanga, engenza kube lula ukuxaka kwesakhiwo sokuqala somzimba wemoto. Ilungele ikakhulukazi usayizi omncane kanye nomthamo omncane we-brushless DC motor. Kusukela ngawo-1980, ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kobuchwepheshe be-microcomputer, i-brushless DC motor ngaphandle kwe-rotor position sensor ingene esigabeni esisebenzayo; Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokufika kwezinzwa eziningi ezisebenzayo, inzwa iye yasetshenziswa ohlelweni lwe-brushless DC motor servo drive ukuze kutholwe indawo yesigxobo se-rotor, isivinini kanye nesimo se-servo ngesikhathi esifanayo.
Isimo sokuthuthuka kanye neProspect of DC motor speed regulating circuit
Kusukela ekuzalweni kobuchwepheshe be-semiconductor ngasekupheleni kwawo-1950, isivinini sokuthuthukiswa sishesha kakhulu, futhi ukusebenza kwamadivayisi we-semiconductor amandla kuye kwathuthukiswa kancane kancane. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isifunda sayo sokushayela esihambisanayo sithuthuke ngokushesha. Manje isifunda esisodwa sokushayela singakwazi ukushayela izigaba ezintathu neziyisithupha, okwenza kube lula ukujikeleza kwe-peripheral.
Circuit, ikakhulukazi design of ukushayela circuit. Ngaso leso sikhathi, ukuvela kwezinto zikazibuthe ezisebenza kahle kakhulu, njenge-samarium cobalt ne-neodymium iron boron, kuye kwabeka isisekelo esiqinile sokusetshenziswa okubanzi kwe-Brushless DC motor.
Kwezinye izinkambu zezicelo ezikhethekile ezidinga ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu nokuminyana kwamandla aphezulu, kukhombisa ithemba elikhanyayo le-Brushless DC motor drive. Ukushisa kokuthuthukiswa kwamazwe ngamazwe kwe-Brushless DC motor kanye nesistimu yayo yokushayela kuzo zonke izici kuzoqhubeka. Ngenxa yalokho, i-brushless DC motor izoqhubeka nokuba into yokusebenza okuphezulu kwedivayisi ye-servo yamahhala esikhathini esizayo.
Ukunikezwa kwamandla okukhethekile alawulekayo e-DC kuyadingeka ohlelweni lokushayela ugesi lwe-DC Okulandelayo: okokuqala, uhlelo lokuqala lokulawula isivinini se-DC lwalusebenzisa i-DC voltage engaguquki ukuze lunikeze amandla ku-armature ye-DC motor, futhi lwaqaphela ukulawulwa kwesivinini ngokushintsha ukumelana nesekethe ye-armature. Le ndlela ilula, kulula ukuyikhiqiza futhi ishibhile. Kodwa-ke, ukungalungi ukusebenza kahle okuphansi, izici zemishini ethambile futhi ayikwazi ukulungisa isivinini ngokushelela ezinhlobonhlobo eziningi, ngakho-ke akuvamile ukusetshenziswa okwamanje. Okwesibili, ngasekupheleni kwawo-1930, kwavela i-generator motor (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-rotary converter group). Ngokusetshenziswa kwe-amplifier kazibuthe, i-motor expander, i-thyristor namanye amadivaysi okulawula, ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu kokulawula isivinini kungatholakala, njengohlu lokulawula isivinini esibanzi (10:1 kuya ku-:1), izinga lokushintsha isivinini esincane kanye nokulawulwa kwejubane elibushelelezi, ikakhulukazi uma injini incishiswa, I-flywheel inertia ku-motor shaft ingabuyiselwa kalula kugridi yamandla ngokusebenzisa i-generator. Ngale ndlela, ngakolunye uhlangothi, izici ze-braking ezibushelelezi zingatholakala, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukulahlekelwa kwamandla kungancishiswa futhi ukusebenza kahle kungathuthukiswa. Kodwa-ke, okubi okuyinhloko kwe-generator kanye nesistimu yokulawula isivinini se-motor ukuthi idinga ukungeza ama-motor amabili ajikelezayo alingana ne-motor regulation motor kanye nezinye izinto ezisizayo zokuvusa, ngakho-ke kunzima ukugcina ivolumu.
Isimo sokuthuthuka kanye neProspect of DC motor speed regulating circuit
Amamotho e-DC ahlukaniswe abe yizigaba ezimbili: abagibeli kanye nabangewona abagibeli. Uhlelo lokulawula isivinini semoto ye-DC luqale lwasebenzisa amandla kagesi e-DC ukuze lunikeze amandla ku-DC motor, futhi lwaqaphela ukulawulwa kwesivinini ngokushintsha ukumelana nesekethe ye-armature. Le ndlela ilula, kulula ukuyikhiqiza futhi ishibhile; Kodwa-ke, okubi ukusebenza kahle okuphansi nezici zemishini ezithambile, ezingakwazi ukuthola ukusebenza kokulawula isivinini esibanzi futhi esibushelelezi. Le ndlela isebenza kuphela kwezinye izinkambu ezinamandla aphansi futhi azikho ibanga lokulawula isivinini Vala. Ngasekupheleni kwawo-1930, ukuvela kwejeneretha kanye nesistimu yezithuthuthu kwenza i-DC motor ibe nokusebenza okuhle kakhulu kokulawula isivinini kwasetshenziswa kabanzi. Le ndlela yokulawula ingathola ububanzi bokulawula isivinini, isilinganiso esincane sokushintsha isivinini kanye nokusebenza kokulawula isivinini esibushelelezi. Kodwa-ke, ukungalungi okuyinhloko kwale ndlela isisindo esikhulu sesistimu, indawo enkulu yokuhlala, ukusebenza kahle okuphansi kanye nokugcinwa okunzima. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kobuchwepheshe bamandla kagesi, uhlelo lokulawula isivinini semoto ye-DC olunikezwa isiguquli se-thyristor luthathe indawo yesistimu yokulawula isivinini se-generator ne-motor, futhi ukusebenza kwayo kokulawula isivinini kudlule kude lokho kwe-generator, ukusebenza okuguquguqukayo nokuthembeka. . Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-IGBT namanye amadivaysi anamandla aphezulu kubuchwepheshe be-electronics yamandla kuthatha indawo ye-thyristors, futhi uhlelo lokulawula isivinini se-DC olusebenza kangcono luye lwavela. Isikhathi eside, ucwaningo emkhakheni wokulingisa lugxile ekusungulweni kwemodeli yokulingisa, okungukuthi, ngemva kokusungulwa kwemodeli yesistimu, i-algorithm kufanele yakhelwe ukwenza imodeli yesistimu yamukelwe yikhompyutha, bese ihlanganiswa Uhlelo lwekhompiyutha futhi lusebenza kukhompyutha. Ngakho-ke, ama-algorithms wokulingisa ahlukahlukene kanye nesoftware yokulingisa ziye zazalwa ngokulandelana.
Ngenxa yokuthi luncane ucwaningo mayelana nokusungulwa kwamamodeli nokuhlolwa kokulingisa, ukumodela ngokuvamile kuthatha isikhathi eside. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuhlaziywa kwemiphumela yokulingisa kufanele futhi kuncike kochwepheshe abafanelekile, futhi kukhona ukuntuleka kwesiqondiso esiqondile sabenzi bezinqumo, okuvimbela kakhulu ukuthathwa kwezinqumo Kuvimbela ukuthandwa nokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokulingisa.
I-Simulink, ithuluzi lokulingisa lesistimu eliguqukayo elinikezwe i-MATLAB, inamandla kakhulu, ihle kakhulu futhi kulula ukuyisebenzisa phakathi kwesoftware eminingi yokulingisa. Ixazulula ngempumelelo izinkinga kubuchwepheshe bokulingisa obungenhla. Ku-Simulink, ukumodeliswa kwesistimu kuzoba lula kakhulu, futhi inqubo yokulingisa iyasebenzisana, ngakho imingcele yokulingisa ingashintshwa ngokuthanda, futhi imiphumela eguquliwe ingatholakala ngokushesha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imiphumela yokulingisa ingahlaziywa futhi ibonakale ngokusebenzisa amathuluzi okuhlaziya ahlukahlukene ku-MATLAB.
I-Simulink ingadlulela ngale kwemodeli yomugqa efanelekile ukuze ihlole amamodeli angokoqobo ezinkinga ezingaqondile, njengokungqubuzana, ukumelana komoya, i-gear meshing nezinye izenzakalo zemvelo emhlabeni wangempela; Ingakwazi ukulingisa izinkanyezi ezinkulu nama-athomu amangqamuzana amancane. Ingakwazi ukwenza imodeli futhi ilingise izinhlobonhlobo zezinto, ezingaba yimishini, i-electronic nezinye izinto zangempela, noma amasistimu afanelekile. Ingakwazi ukulingisa inkimbinkimbi yesistimu eguquguqukayo, engaba eqhubekayo, ehlukene noma eyingxube. I-Simulink izokwenza ikhompuyutha yakho ibe - ilabhorethri, engasetshenziswa ukwenza imodeli futhi ilingise izinhlelo ezihlukahlukene ezikhona, ezingekho, noma okuphambene nalokho empeleni.
Izindlela zocwaningo zendabuko ikakhulukazi zihlanganisa indlela yokuhlaziya, indlela yokuhlola kanye nokuhlolwa kokulingisa. Izindlela ezimbili zokuqala azigcini nje ngokuba nezinzuzo zazo, kodwa futhi zinemikhawulo ehlukene. Ngokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza, izidingo eziphakeme zibekwe phambili zokushayela ugesi ekuqaliseni nasekubhulekini, ukujikeleza phambili nokuhlehla, ukunemba kokulawula isivinini, uhla lokulawula isivinini, izici ezimile, ukusabela okuguquguqukayo nokunye okudingekayo, okudinga ukusetshenziswa okukhulu kwejubane. uhlelo lokulawula. Ngenxa yokusebenza kahle kokulawulwa kwesivinini kanye nokusebenza kokulawulwa kwetorque kwemoto ye-DC, uhlelo lokulawula isivinini se-DC lusetshenziswe kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1930. Inqubo yokuthuthukiswa kwayo imi kanje: kusukela ekulawulweni kweyunithi yesiguquli se-rotary sokuqala kuya ku-amplifier nokulawula i-amplifier kazibuthe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulawulwa kwejubane kwe-DC kwenziwa nge-static thyristor converter kanye nesilawuli se-analog. Kamuva, isifunda sokulawula se-PWM esakhiwe isilungisi esilawulekayo kanye ne-transistor yamandla aphezulu sisetshenziswa ukuze kuqashelwe ukulawulwa kwesivinini kwe-DC yedijithali, ethuthukisa ngokuqhubekayo ukushesha, ukulawuleka kanye nomnotho wohlelo. Ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kokusebenza kokulawula isivinini kwenza ukusetshenziswa kwesistimu yokulawula isivinini ye-DC kakhudlwana nakakhudlwana.
Isimo sokuthuthuka kanye neProspect of DC motor speed regulating circuit
Ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza, izidingo eziphakeme zibekwe phambili kudrayivu kagesi ye-DC ekuqaliseni nasekubhulekeni, ukuzungeza phambili nokuhlehla, ukunemba kokulawula, uhla lokulawula isivinini, izici ezimile kanye nokusabela okuguquguqukayo, okudinga inani elikhulu lezinhlelo zokulawula isivinini se-DC. Ngakho-ke, ucwaningo ngohlelo lokulawula isivinini se-DC luzojula kakhulu.
I-DC motor iyinjini yokuqala futhi iyinjini yokuqala ukuqaphela ukulawulwa kwesivinini. Isikhathi eside, i-DC motor ibambe isikhundla esiphezulu sokulawula isivinini. Ngenxa yezici zayo ezinhle zokulawula isivinini somugqa, ukusebenza kokulawula okulula, ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu nokusebenza okuhle kakhulu okuguquguqukayo, kuseyisinqumo esingcono kakhulu samamotho amaningi okulawula isivinini. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufunda ukulawula isivinini semoto ye-DC. I-voltage ye-armature ye-DC motor ihlinzekwa yisekethe yesigaba sesithathu se-thyristor rectifier ngokusebenzisa i-smoothing reactor L, futhi i-engeli yokulawula ye-thyristor ilungiswa ngokushintsha isignali yokulawula ukuguquka kwesigaba UC, ukuze kushintshwe i-voltage ephumayo. we-rectifier futhi uqaphele ukulawulwa kwejubane lemoto ye-DC. Umfanekiso 1-1 wumdwebo wohlelo lwesistimu yokulawula isivinini se-thyristor DC. Emfanekisweni, i-VT i-thyristor controllable rectifier. Ngokulungisa i-voltage yokulawula i-Uc ye-trigger device ukuhambisa isigaba se-trigger pulse, i-avareji elungisiwe ye-voltage UD ingashintshwa ukuze kuqashelwe ukulawulwa kwejubane elibushelelezi.
