I-2.2 kw single phase motor eNingizimu Afrika ezimotweni zezimoto
Ukusebenza kwe-DC motor kuhlobene eduze nemodi yayo yokuzijabulisa. Ngokuvamile, kunezindlela ezine zokuthakasela ze-DC motor: I-DC ngokuhlukana kwe-motor excited, i-DC parallel excited motor, i-DC series motor excited motor kanye ne-DC compound ejabulisayo. Bazi kahle izici zezindlela ezine:
1. Injini ye-DC ejabulile ngokwehlukana:
I-excitation winding ayinakho ukuxhunywa kukagesi ne-armature, futhi i-excitation circuit inikezwa enye i-DC power supply. Ngakho-ke, i-excitation current ayiphazanyiswa i-voltage yetheminali ye-armature noma i-armature current.
2. I-DC shunt motor:
I-voltage emikhawulweni yomibili ye-shunt winding iyi-voltage emikhawulweni yomibili ye-armature, kodwa i-excitation winding ilinyazwa ngezintambo ezincane ezinenani elikhulu lokujika, ngakho-ke inokumelana okukhulu, okwenza i-excitation current idlule kuyo ibe mncane. .
3. DC uchungechunge motor:
I-excitation winding ixhunywe ochungechungeni ne-armature, ngakho inkambu kazibuthe kumotho ishintsha kakhulu ngokushintsha kwe-armature current. Ukuze ungabangeli ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kanye nokwehla kwe-voltage ekuvuthweni kwe-excitation, kuncane ukumelana kwama-excitation winding, kungcono. Ngakho-ke, i-DC yochungechunge lwe-excitation motor ivamise ukulinyazwa ngezintambo eziwugqinsi ezinamajika amancane.
4. I-DC compound excitation motor:
I-flux kazibuthe yenjini ikhiqizwa amandla akhona kumawindi amabili.
Umthetho wesandla sobunxele] umthetho wesandla sobunxele ubizwa nangokuthi "umthetho wemoto". Kungumthetho wokunquma isiqondiso samandla we-conductor onikwe amandla endaweni yamagnetic yangaphandle. Indlela yokwelula isandla sokunxele ukuze isithupha sibe perpendicular kweminye iminwe emine futhi endizeni efanayo nesandla. Zibone ngeso lengqondo ufaka isandla sakho sobunxele endaweni kazibuthe ukuze ulayini wamandla kazibuthe ungene entendeni ubheke phezulu, bese eminye iminwe emine ikhomba lapho isuka khona. Ngalesi sikhathi, isiqondiso esikhonjwe ngesithupha sakho yisiqondiso samandla kazibuthe kumanje. Umthetho wesandla sokudla waziwa nangokuthi "umthetho wejeneretha". Umthetho wokunquma isiqondiso se-current eyenziwe ku-conductor uma ihamba endaweni kazibuthe. Yelula isandla setshe ukuze isithupha sibheke kweminye iminwe emine futhi sibe endizeni efanayo nesundu. Ake sithi ufaka isandla sakho sokudla endaweni kazibuthe, vumela ulayini wamandla uzibuthe ungene uqonde usuka entendeni yesandla sakho, futhi wenze isithupha sakho sibheke lapho kuhamba khona umqhubi. Ngalesi sikhathi, isiqondiso esikhonjiswe eminye iminwe emine yisiqondiso se-current induced.
Umthetho wesandla sokudla
umthetho wesandla sokudla
Ngomkhiqizo ophambene we-vector, siyachaza
A × B=C
Qaphela ukuthi ukuhleleka kuka-a no-B akukwazi ukuhlehliswa
Vumela isiqondiso se-vector a silandele ngemuva kwesandla kanye ne-vector b ilandele isiqondiso seminwe emine, bese isiqondiso se-vector C sikhomba phezulu (i-perpendicular endizeni eyakhiwe ngu-a no-b)
Lona umthetho wesandla sokudla.
Gcina isandla sakho sokudla siphansi ukuze isithupha sakho sibheke kweminye iminwe emine futhi sisendizeni nentende yesandla sakho. Faka isandla sakho sokudla endaweni kazibuthe. Uma ulayini wamandla kazibuthe ungena uqonde entendeni yesandla (lapho ulayini wokungeniswa kazibuthe uwumugqa oqondile, ulingana nesandla esibheke esigxotsheni esingu-N), isithupha sikhomba lapho kuhamba khona umqhubi, kanye nesiqondiso esikhonjiswe yizine. iminwe isiqondiso se-current efakwe ku-conductor.
Kuma-electromagnetics, umthetho wesandla sokudla wahlulela ikakhulukazi isiqondiso esizimele ngaphandle kwamandla.
Uma ihlobene nokuphoqa, konke kuncike kumthetho ongakwesokunxele.
Okusho ukuthi, umthetho ongakwesokunxele wamandla kanye nomthetho wesandla sokudla kwabanye.
Isici samanje i1d ι Bhangqa ibanga γ Enye into yamanje i-i2D ka-12 ι Amandla abambayo i-DF12 yila:
μ 0 I1I2d ι ezimbili × (d ι eyodwa γ 12)
df12 = ── ───────────
4π γ ikhulu namashumi amabili nantathu
Lapho i-d ι 1, d ι 2 iyisiqondiso samanje; γ 12 isuka ku-i1d ι Point kuya ku-i2D ι Ivekhtha yeRadial ye. Umthetho we-Ampere ungahlukaniswa izingxenye ezimbili. Enye i-ID yesici samanje ι (okungukuthi i1d ngenhla) ι ） hlala γ (okungukuthi ngenhla) γ 12) Indawo kazibuthe ekhiqizwa ngo
μ 0 Id ι × γ
dB = ── ─────
4p ythathu
Lona umthetho we-bi SA LA. I-Thee scond iyisici samanje se-IDL (okungukuthi i-i2D ngenhla) ι 2) Amandla i-DF awathola endaweni kazibuthe B (okungukuthi DF12 ngenhla) yilawa:
df = Id ι × B
I-2.2 kw single phase motor eNingizimu Afrika ezimotweni zezimoto
(1) Ukusebenza okuhle kokulawulwa kwesivinini. Okubizwa ngokuthi "ukusebenza kwe-speed regulation" kubhekisela ekutheni ijubane le-motor liguqulwa ngokuzenzakalelayo ngokuvumelana nezidingo ngaphansi kwesimo somthwalo othile. I-DC motor ingakwazi ukubona ukulawulwa kwejubane okulinganayo futhi okubushelelezi ngaphansi komthwalo osindayo, futhi uhla lokulawula isivinini lubanzi.
(2) I-torque enkulu yokuqala. Ukulawulwa kwejubane kungenziwa ngendlela efanayo nangokwezomnotho. Ngakho-ke, yonke imishini eqala ngaphansi komthwalo osindayo noma edinga ukulungiswa okufanayo kwejubane, njengesigayo esikhulu esiphendukayo esibuyisela emuva, iwintshi, isitimela sikagesi, ithilamu, njll., ishayelwa yi-DC motor.
Umgomo "wamandla asebenza ku-conductor onikwe amandla endaweni kazibuthe" usetshenziswa cishe. Izintambo ezimbili ezisemaphethelweni ekhoyili ye-excitation zinamasinga afanayo ngakwelinye icala, okwenza ikhoyili yonke ikhiqize ukuzungeza ku-shaft futhi yenze ikhoyili ijikeleze.
Ukwenza i-armature ithole i-torque kagesi ngendlela efanayo, ukhiye uwukuthi: lapho uhlangothi lwekhoyili lungaphansi kwezigxobo kazibuthe ze-polarity ehlukene, ungayishintsha kanjani indlela yamanje egeleza ikhoyili ngesikhathi, okungukuthi, -okuthiwa "ukuhamba". Ngakho-ke, idivayisi ebizwa ngokuthi i-commutator kufanele yengezwe. I-commutator kanye nebhulashi kungaqinisekisa ukuthi i-current ohlangothini lwekhoyili ngaphansi kwesigxobo ngasinye ihlala ibheke ohlangothini olulodwa, ukuze injini ikwazi ukuzungeza ngokuqhubekayo. Lona umgomo wokusebenza we-DC motor
Ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezimbili: i-stator ne-rotor. Khumbula ukuthi i-stator ne-rotor yakhiwe ngalezo zingxenye. Qaphela: ungaphambanisi umgibeli nomgibeli, futhi khumbula imisebenzi yabo.
I-Stator ihlanganisa: isigxobo esiyinhloko sikazibuthe, isisekelo, isigxobo sokushintsha, idivayisi yebhulashi, njll.
I-rotor ihlanganisa: i-armature core, i-armature winding, i-commutator, i-shaft ne-fan, njll.
I-2.2 kw single phase motor eNingizimu Afrika ezimotweni zezimoto
Imodi ye-excitation ye-DC motor ibhekisela enkingeni yokuthi unikezwa kanjani amandla kumoya ovusa amadlingozi futhi ukhiqize i-excitation flux magnetic ukusungula inkambu kazibuthe eyinhloko. Ngokuya ngezindlela ezihlukile zokuvusa, ama-DC motors angahlukaniswa abe yizinhlobo ezilandelayo.
1. I-DC motor ejabulile ngokwehlukana
I-excitation winding ayixhumene nokujika kwe-armature, kodwa i-DC motor ehlinzekwa ngeminye imithombo yamandla e-DC kumajika e-excitation ibizwa ngokuthi yi-DC motor ejabule ngokuhlukana, futhi izintambo ziboniswa esithombeni (a). Emfanekisweni, u-M umelela injini, futhi uma i-generator, u-G uyimele. Unomphela uzibuthe DC motor kungabuye kubhekwe njengehlukile ejabulile DC motor.
2. Shunt DC motor
I-excitation winding kanye ne-armature winding ye-Shunt DC motor kuxhunywe ngokuhambisana, futhi izintambo ziboniswa kumfanekiso (b). Njengejeneretha ye-shunt excitation, i-voltage ye-terminal evela ku-motor ngokwayo inikeza amandla ku-ecitation winding; Njengenjini ye-shunt, i-excitation winding ne-armature yabelana ngokuphakelwa kwamandla okufanayo, okufanayo naleyo yemoto ye-DC ejabule ngokwehlukana ngokuya ngokusebenza.
3. Uchungechunge olujabulile lwe-DC motor
I-excitive winding yochungechunge lwe-DC motor ejabulile ixhunywe ochungechungeni ngokujika kwe-armature, bese ixhunywe kugesi we-DC. I-wiring iboniswa kumfanekiso (c). I-excitation current yale motor DC yi-armature current.
4. I-Compound DC motor
I-compound excitation DC motor inamawindi e-excitation amabili e-excitation ehambisanayo kanye ne-excitation yochungechunge, futhi izintambo ziboniswa kumfanekiso (d). Uma i-flux kazibuthe ekhiqizwa uchungechunge lwe-excitation winding isendaweni efanayo naleyo ekhiqizwa ukujika kwenjabulo okuhambisanayo, kubizwa ngokuthi i-cumulative compound excitation. Uma ama-fluxes amabili kazibuthe anezikhombisi-ndlela eziphambene, kubizwa ngokuthi i-differal compound excitation.
Amamotho e-DC anezinhlobo ezihlukile zokuvusa anezici ezihlukile. Ngokuvamile, izindlela eziyinhloko zokuvusa i-DC motor ziyi-excitation ehambisanayo, i-series excitation kanye ne-compound excitation. Izindlela eziyinhloko zokuthakasela ze-DC generator ziyi-excitation ehlukene, i-excitation ehambisanayo kanye ne-compound excitation.
I-2.2 kw single phase motor eNingizimu Afrika ezimotweni zezimoto
Imisinga emithathu eshintshanayo ixhunywe ku-motor stator ukuze kukhiqizwe inkambu kazibuthe ezungezayo ngesivinini esingu-N0. Amapheya e-pole ahlukene P, ngaphansi kwesenzo se-AC ene-frequency f = 50Hz, azokhiqiza isivinini esihlukile sokuvumelanisa N0, N0 = 60F / P.
Ijubane le-motor rotor lincane kunelensimu kazibuthe ezungezayo, ecishe ifane nelemoto yokungenisa. s=(ns-n)/ns. S izinga lokushelela,
I-NS yijubane likazibuthe futhi uN ijubane le-rotor.
Ngokusho kwezinhlaka ezihlukene ze-rotor, ama-motor asynchronous ezigaba ezintathu angahlukaniswa ngohlobo lwekheji nohlobo lwesilonda.
I-Cage rotor asynchronous motor isetshenziswe kabanzi ngenxa yesakhiwo sayo esilula, ukusebenza okuthembekile, isisindo esincane kanye nentengo ephansi. Ububi bayo obukhulu ubunzima bokulawulwa kwejubane.
I-rotor kanye ne-stator yesilonda se-asynchronous motor yesigaba sesithathu nayo ifakwe ama-windings ezigaba ezintathu, axhunywe ne-rheostat yangaphandle ngokusebenzisa indandatho yokushelela kanye nebhulashi. Ukulungisa ukumelana kwe-rheostat kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kokuqala futhi kulungise ijubane lemoto
Izinzuzo: uma kuqhathaniswa ne-asynchronous motor yesigaba esisodwa, i-asynchronous motor enezigaba ezintathu inezinzuzo zesakhiwo esilula, ukwakhiwa okulula, ukusebenza kahle kokusebenza, ukonga izinto ezahlukahlukene kanye nenani eliphansi.
Ukungalungi: isici samandla asalayo, isici samandla okulayisha ukukhanya okuphansi kanye nokusebenza kabi kokulawula isivinini.
I-asynchronous motor enezigaba ezintathu inamandla aphezulu futhi yenziwa ikakhulukazi ibe yinjini enkulu. Ngokuvamile isetshenziswa emishinini emikhulu yezimboni enamandla ezigaba ezintathu. Okokuqala, ama-motor asynchronous ezigaba ezintathu asetshenziswa kuphela kumamotho, angavamile ukusetshenziswa njengamajeneretha, futhi ama-synchronous motors asetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza amandla.
Ngamandla aphansi ama-motor asynchronous amathathu-phase asynchronous angaphansi kwe-1kW, angakwazi ukusebenza ngezigaba ezintathu kuphela, kodwa futhi ngesigaba esisodwa.
Umthetho wokunquma isiqondiso se-current induced ku-conductor ehamba endaweni yamagnetic yangaphandle waziwa nangokuthi umthetho we-generator. Kuphinde kube umthetho wokwahlulela wobudlelwano phakathi kokuqondiswa kwamandla akhona, isiqondiso sokunyakaza komqhubi kanye nesiqondiso somugqa wamandla kazibuthe.
Ukuxhawula kuyasebenza kumthetho wokuthi intende yejeneretha ibheke endaweni yamagnetic, isithupha sibheke lapho ukunyakaza khona, futhi umunwe ubheke kweyamanje ~ ~ ` thola isiqondiso sendawo yamanje. amandla e-electromotive ashukumisayo akhiqizwa ku-conductor lapho umqhubi esika ulayini wokungeniswa uzibuthe. Umthetho wesandla sokudla uthi: yelula isandla sakho sokudla,
Yenza isithupha sibe perpendicular kweminye iminwe emine futhi endizeni ngentende yesandla sakho. Faka isandla sakho sokudla endaweni kazibuthe futhi uvumele umugqa wokungeniswa uzibuthe ungene uqonde
Intende yesandla nesithupha kukhomba lapho umshayeli enyakaza khona, kanti eminye iminwe emine ikhomba lapho amandla e-electromotive ashukumisayo. Isiqondiso kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamandla e-electromotive
Isiqondiso se-current induced siyefana.
Isiqondiso samandla e-electromotive anqunywe umthetho ongakwesokudla sihambisana nomthetho wokuguqulwa kwamandla kanye nokongiwa.
Izinyathelo zokuqapha zokusebenzisa umthetho wesandla sokudla
Uma usebenzisa umthetho wesandla sokudla, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi into iyintambo eqondile (yebo, ingasetshenziselwa i-solenoid enamandla), futhi isivinini se-V kanye ne-magnetic field B kufanele ibe yi-perpendicular to wire, futhi I-V no-B kufanele futhi ibe yi-perpendicular,
Umthetho ongakwesokudla ungasetshenziswa ukwahlulela isiqondiso samandla e-electromotive. Isibonelo, umthetho wejeneretha ongakwesokudla ungasetshenziswa ukwahlulela isiqondiso samandla e-electromotive ezigaba ezintathu ze-asynchronous motor rotor.
Isizathu somthetho ongakwesokudla ukuthi ugesi, uzibuthe kanye nekhwalithi zakha izilinganiso ezintathu. Umthetho ongakwesokudla umelela ubukhulu bukagesi, ubukhulu kazibuthe kanye nekhwalithi yolwazi lwegradient dimension.
I-2.2 kw single phase motor eNingizimu Afrika ezimotweni zezimoto
Ngoba i-current induced ku-coil ye-rotor ye-asynchronous motor yezigaba ezintathu ikhiqizwa ngenxa yokunyakaza okuhlobene phakathi komqhubi we-rotor kanye nensimu yamagnetic. Isivinini se-rotor se-asynchronous motor enezigaba ezintathu ngeke sivunyelaniswe nenkundla kazibuthe ezungezayo, ingasaphathwa eyeqa isivinini sensimu kazibuthe ezungezayo. Uma isivinini se-rotor ye-asynchronous motor yesigaba sesithathu silingana nejubane lensimu yamagnetic ejikelezayo, ngeke kube khona ukunyakaza okuhlobene phakathi kwensimu yamagnetic kanye ne-rotor, futhi umqhubi akakwazi ukusika umugqa wamagnetic wamandla. Ngakho-ke, ngeke kube khona amandla e-electromotive eyenziwe kanye namanje ku-coil ye-rotor, futhi umhlahlandlela we-rotor we-asynchronous motor ye-asynchronous yezigaba ezintathu ngeke uthinteke amandla kagesi kumagnetic field ukwenza i-rotor ijikeleze. Ngakho-ke, isivinini sokujikeleza kwe-rotor se-asynchronous motor yesigaba ezintathu asikwazi ukufana naleso samagnetic field, futhi sihlala singaphansi kwesivinini esivumelanayo sokuzungezisa kazibuthe. Kodwa-ke, ngaphansi kwemodi yokusebenza ekhethekile (njenge-braking yokukhiqiza amandla), isivinini se-rotor se-asynchronous motor enezigaba ezintathu singaba sikhulu kunejubane lokuvumelanisa.
I-Symmetrical 3-phase winding ixhunywe ne-symmetrical 3-phase current ukukhiqiza inkambu kazibuthe ejikelezayo. Intambo kazibuthe inqamula ukujika kwe-rotor. Ngokomgomo wokungeniswa kwe-electromagnetic, mina no-e kukhiqizwa ekujikeni kwe-rotor. I-rotor winding ithintwa amandla kazibuthe endaweni kazibuthe, okungukuthi, i-torque kagesi ikhiqizwa ukuzungezisa i-rotor, futhi i-rotor ikhipha amandla emishini ukushayela umthwalo wemishini ukuze ujikeleze.
Kumotho ye-AC, lapho i-stator winding idlula ku-AC yamanje, amandla e-armature magnetomotive ayasungulwa, anomthelela omkhulu ekuguquleni amandla nokusebenza kokusebenza kwenjini. Ngakho-ke, isigaba sesithathu se-AC sokujika sixhunywe nesigaba sesithathu se-AC ukukhiqiza amandla ashukumisayo we-magnetomotive, angahlukaniswa abe isamba samandla amabili ajikelezayo we-magnetomotive ane-amplitude elinganayo nesivinini esiphambene, ukuze kusungulwe isamba sokuya phambili. futhi uhlehlise izinkambu kazibuthe esikhaleni somoya. Lezi zinkambu kazibuthe ezimbili ezizungezayo zisika i-rotor conductor futhi zikhiqize amandla e-electromotive akhangwe kanye namandla akhona ku-rotor conductor ngokulandelanayo.
Okwamanje kusebenzisana nenkundla kazibuthe ukuze kukhiqizwe itorque kagesi ephozithivu nebi. Phambili i-torque kagesi izama ukwenza i-rotor ijikelezise phambili; I-torque ye-electromagnetic reverse izama ukuhlehlisa i-rotor. I-superposition yala ma-torque amabili i-torque yokwenziwa eshayela injini ukuthi ijikeleze.
