20 amahhashi abakhiqizi bezimoto ze-dc eNdiya
3, Injini ye-asynchronous yezigaba ezintathu
Isakhiwo se-asynchronous motor enezigaba ezintathu sifana nesigaba esisodwa se-asynchronous motor. Amawindi ezigaba ezintathu (uhlobo lochungechunge olulodwa, uhlobo olugxilile lwesendlalelo esisodwa kanye nohlobo olulodwa lwesiphambano) kushumekwe ku-stator core slot. Ngemuva kokuthi i-stator winding ixhunywe kugesi we-AC wezigaba ezintathu, inkambu yakazibuthe ezungezayo ekhiqizwa amandla asongwayo ikhiqiza amandla amanje okukhondatha i-rotor. Ngaphansi kokusebenzelana kwamandla akhona kanye negebe lomoya elizungeza inkambu kazibuthe, irotha ikhiqiza ikhabethe elizungezayo lika-electromagnetic (okungukuthi iKhabhinethi ejikelezayo engavumelaniyo) ukuze yenze injini ijikeleze.
I-4, Injini yesigxobo esinomthunzi
I-pole motor enomthunzi iwuhlobo olulula lwe-AC motor yendlela eyodwa,
Uhlobo lwekheji ethambekele slot cast aluminium rotor ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa. Ihlukaniswe nge-salient pole embozwe ngesigxobo se-pole motor kanye nesigxobo esifihliwe esimbozwe nge-pole motor ngokuya ngokuma kwe-stator nesakhiwo esihlukile.
I-stator core ye-salient pole shaded pole motor iyisikwele, unxande noma uhlaka lwensimu kazibuthe eyindilinga enezigxobo kazibuthe eziphuma phambili. Isigxobo ngasinye sikazibuthe sinikezwa iringi eyodwa noma ngaphezulu yethusi yesiyingi esifushane esidlala indima eyisizayo, okungukuthi, ukugoqa kwesigxobo esinomthunzi. Ukusonteka okugxilile esigxotsheni se-salient kusetshenziswa njengokuvunguza okuyinhloko.
I-stator core ye-pole efihliwe ene-shaded pole motor iyafana naleyo motor yesigaba esisodwa esijwayelekile. I-stator winding ithatha i-winding esabalalisiwe, futhi ukuvuthwa okuyinhloko kusatshalaliswa ku-slot stator. Ukusongelwa kwesigxobo esinomthunzi akuyona indandatho yethusi ejikelezayo emfushane, kodwa ilinyazwa ibe ukujikajika okusabalalisiwe ngocingo oluwugqinsi oluqinile (okufushane okujikelezayo ngokuzenzakalela ngemva kokuxhunywa ochungechungeni) futhi ishumekwe ku-stator slot (cishe u-2/3 wesamba sezikhala), idlala indima yeqembu elisizayo. Ukusonteka okuyinhloko kanye nokujika kwesigxobo esinomthunzi ku-engeli ethile emkhathini.
Lapho ukuvuthwa okuyinhloko kwe-pole motor ene-shaded kunikezwa amandla, ukuvuthwa kwesigxobo esinomthunzi kuzophinde kukhiqize amandla amanje, ukuze ukugeleza kwamagnetic kwengxenye emboziwe yesigxobo se-stator kanye nengxenye engamboziwe yesigxobo se-stator izojikeleza iqonde lapho ingxenye ehlanganisiwe.
5, Single isigaba uchungechunge motor
I-stator yesigaba esisodwa sochungechunge lwe-excitation motor yenziwe ngensimbi yesigxobo esibucayi kanye namajika ashukumisayo, futhi i-rotor yakhiwe ngomgogodla we-salient pole iron, i-armature winding, i-commutator kanye ne-shaft ejikelezayo. Isekethe yochungechunge kwakheka phakathi kwamajika enjabulo kanye nokujika kwengalo ngebhulashi likagesi kanye ne-commutator.
I-Single phase series motor ejabulile ingeye-AC kanye ne-DC enezinjongo ezimbili. Ingasebenza ngakho kokubili ukunikezwa kwamandla kagesi we-AC kanye nokunikezwa kwamandla ka-DC.
Imoto evumelanisiwe
I-synchronous motor kanye ne-induction motor zingamamotho e-AC ajwayelekile. Izici: ngesikhathi sokusebenza kokuqina, kunobudlelwano obuqhubekayo phakathi kwejubane le-rotor nefrikhwensi yegridi, n=ns=60f/p, futhi i-NS iba isivinini esivumelanayo. Uma i-frequency yegridi yamandla ihlala njalo, isivinini se-synchronous motor esimweni sokuzinzile sihlala njalo kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umthwalo. I-synchronous motor ihlukaniswe yaba yi-synchronous generator kanye ne-synchronous motor. Umshini we-AC embonini yamandla yesimanje ikakhulukazi uyi-synchronous motor.
isimiso sokusebenza
Ukusungulwa kwenkundla kazibuthe eyinhloko: i-excitation winding ixhunywe ne-DC excitation current ukuze kusungulwe insimu yamagnetic evusayo phakathi kwezigaba ze-polarity, okungukuthi, insimu enkulu kazibuthe iyasungulwa.
20 amahhashi abakhiqizi bezimoto ze-dc eNdiya
I-conductor yamanje ephethe: i-symmetrical armature winding yezigaba ezintathu isebenza njengokusonga kwamandla futhi iba umthwali wamandla abangelwayo noma amandla akhona.
Ukunyakaza kokusika: isihambisi esiyinhloko sishayela i-rotor ukuthi ijikeleze (faka amandla kagesi enjini), inkambu kazibuthe evusa amadlingozi phakathi kwezigaba ze-polarity izungeza ne-shaft futhi inqamule ukujika kwesigaba ngasinye se-stator ngokulandelana (okulingana ne-conductor yokusika okumazombezombe). inkambu kazibuthe evusa amadlingozi emuva). [1]
Isizukulwane samandla ashintshayo: ngenxa yokunyakaza kokusika okuhlobene phakathi kokujika kwe-armature kanye nendawo enkulu kazibuthe, ukujika kwe-armature kuzoheha amandla ashintshashintshayo ezigaba ezintathu usayizi wawo nendlela eguqukayo ngezikhathi ezithile. Ukunikezwa kwamandla e-AC kunganikezwa ngomugqa ophumayo.
Kuyashintshana kanye ne-symmetry: i-polarity yamandla ashintshayo akhangayo ngenxa ye-polarity eshintshanayo yendawo kazibuthe ezungezayo; Ngenxa ye-symmetry ye-armature winding, i-symmetry yezigaba ezintathu ye-emf eyenziwe iyaqinisekiswa. [1]
I-1, i-AC synchronous motor
I-AC synchronous motor iwuhlobo lwe-speed drive motor njalo. Ijubane layo le-rotor ligcina ubudlelwano obulinganayo obuqhubekayo nemvamisa yamandla. Isetshenziswa kabanzi kumathuluzi e-elekthronikhi, imishini yesimanje yasehhovisi, imishini yendwangu nokunye.
2. Unomphela uzibuthe motor synchronous
Unomphela uzibuthe motor synchronous ingeye-asynchronous eqala unomphela uzibuthe ehambisanayo injini. Isistimu yayo yamagnetic field yakhiwe yizibuthe eyodwa noma ngaphezulu unomphela. Imvamisa, izigxobo kazibuthe ze-cage rotor ezishiselwe nge-cast aluminium noma imigoqo yethusi zifakwe odonsa unomphela ngokuya ngenani elidingekayo lezigxobo. Isakhiwo se-stator sifana naleso se-asynchronous motor.
Lapho i-stator winding ivuliwe, i-motor iqala ukujikeleza ngokusekelwe kumgomo we-asynchronous motor futhi isheshise isivinini esivumelanayo, i-torque ye-electromagnetic synchronous ekhiqizwe inkambu kazibuthe engapheli ye-rotor kanye ne-stator magnetic field (i-torque kagesi ekhiqizwa i-rotor unomphela kazibuthe kanye ne-torque yokunqikaza ekhiqizwe inkambu kazibuthe ye-stator) idonsa i-rotor ekuvumelaniseni, futhi injini ingena ekusebenzeni okuvumelanayo.
I-reluctance synchronous motor reluctance synchronous motor, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-reactive synchronous motor, iyinjini ehambisanayo eyenza i-torque emadolonzima isebenzisa i-axis enqamulayo engalingani kanye nokungabaza kwe-axis eqondile ye-rotor. Isakhiwo sayo se-stator sifana nesenjini ye-asynchronous, kodwa isakhiwo se-rotor sihlukile.
3, Injini ehambisanayo yokungafuni
Iguqulwe isuka ohlotsheni lwekheji olufanayo lwe-asynchronous motor, ukuze yenze injini ikhiqize i-torque yokuqala eyi-asynchronous, i-rotor iphinde ifakwe uhlobo lwekheji lokuphonswa kwe-aluminium ephikisayo. I-rotor ihlinzekwa nge-slot yokusabela ehambisana nenani lezigxobo ze-stator (kuphela ingxenye yesigxobo esibucayi, akukho ukusonga okuvusa amadlingozi kanye nozibuthe ongunaphakade) ukuze kukhiqizwe itorque ehambisanayo yokunqikaza. Ngokusho kwezinhlaka ezihlukene zethangi lokuphendula ku-rotor, ingahlukaniswa ibe i-rotor yokusabela yangaphakathi, i-rotor yokusabela yangaphandle kanye ne-rotor yokusabela yangaphakathi nangaphandle. Phakathi kwazo, ithangi lokuphendula le-rotor yangaphandle livulelwa kumbuthano wangaphandle we-rotor, ukuze igebe lomoya eliqondise i-axis eqondile kanye ne-quadrature axis lihlukile. I-rotor yangaphakathi esebenzayo ihlinzekwa ngemisele, evimbela ukugeleza kazibuthe ku-axis ye-quadrature direction futhi ikhulise ukumelana namagnetic. Ama-rotor asebenzayo angaphakathi nangaphandle ahlanganisa izici zesakhiwo zama-rotor amabili angenhla, futhi i-axis eqondile ne-quadrature axis ihluke kakhulu, ukuze amandla anamandla emoto abe mkhulu. Ama-motors e-reluctance synchronous motors nawo ahlukaniswe ngohlobo olulodwa lwesigaba sokusebenza kwe-capacitor, uhlobo lokuqala lwe-capacitor yesigaba esisodwa, uhlobo olulodwa lwesigaba se-double value capacitor nezinye izinhlobo.
20 amahhashi abakhiqizi bezimoto ze-dc eNdiya
4, Hysteresis synchronous motor
I-Hysteresis synchronous motor iwuhlobo lwe-synchronous motor esebenzisa izinto ze-hysteresis ukukhiqiza i-hysteresis torque. Ihlukaniswe nge-rotor hysteresis synchronous motor, i-rotor hysteresis synchronous motor kanye nesigaba esisodwa esine-shaded pole hysteresis synchronous motor.
Isakhiwo se-rotor ye-rotor hysteresis synchronous motor luhlobo olufihliwe lwesigxobo, ukubukeka kuyisilinda elibushelelezi, akukho ukugoqa ku-rotor, kodwa kukhona isendlalelo esisebenzayo se-annular esenziwe ngezinto ze-hysteresis kumbuthano wangaphandle womgogodla.
Ngemuva kokuthi i-stator winding ivuliwe,
Inkambu kazibuthe ekhiqiziwe idala ukuthi i-hysteresis rotor ikhiqize itorque engavumelaniyo futhi iqale ukuzungezisa, bese idonselwa kusimo sokusebenza sokuvumelanisa iyodwa. Lapho i-motor isebenza ngokulinganayo, i-stator ejikelezayo insimu kazibuthe idonsa i-rotor ngokuphindaphindiwe nge-slip frequency; Ngesikhathi sokusebenza okuvumelanayo, i-hysteresis material ku-rotor idonsa uzibuthe futhi kuvela izigxobo kazibuthe ezihlala njalo, okuholela ku-torque ehambisanayo. Isiqalisi esithambile sisebenzisa i-anti parallel thyristor yezigaba ezintathu njengesilawuli se-voltage, esixhunywe phakathi kokunikezwa kwamandla kanye ne-motor stator. Lo mjikelezo ufana nesekhethi enezigaba ezintathu elawulwa ngokugcwele yokulungisa ibhuloho. Lapho i-starter ethambile isetshenziselwa ukuqala injini, i-voltage ephumayo ye-thyristor izokhula kancane kancane, futhi injini izohamba kancane kancane kuze kube yilapho i-thyristor ivuliwe ngokugcwele. I-motor isebenza ezicini zemishini ye-voltage elinganisiwe ukuze ifinyelele ukuqalisa okushelelayo, yehlise imanje eqalayo futhi igweme ukuqala ukukhubeka ngokweqile. Lapho injini ifinyelela isivinini esilinganisiwe, inqubo yokuqala iyaphela, futhi isiqalisi esithambile sishintsha ngokuzenzakalelayo i-thyristor esiqediwe nesixhumi se-bypass ukuze sinikeze i-voltage elinganiselwe yokusebenza okujwayelekile kwemoto, ukuze kuncishiswe ukulahlekelwa ukushisa kwe-thyristor, andise impilo yesevisi yesiqalisi esithambile, sithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kwaso, futhi sigweme ukungcoliswa kwe-harmonic kugridi yamandla. Isiqalo esithambile siphinde sinikeze umsebenzi wokumisa okuthambile. Inqubo yokumisa ethambile iphambene nenqubo yokuqala ethambile. I-voltage iyancipha kancane kancane futhi inani lama-revolution kancane kancane lehla liye kuqanda ukuze kugwenywe umthelela we-torque obangelwa ukuma kwamahhala.
20 amahhashi abakhiqizi bezimoto ze-dc eNdiya
Imoto yamagiya
I-motor yokunciphisa ibhekisela ekuhlanganisweni kokunciphisa kanye ne-motor (motor). Lolu hlobo lomzimba odidiyelwe lungabuye lubizwe ngegiya motor noma igiya motor. Ivamise ukunikezwa ngamasethi aphelele ngemva kokuhlanganiswa okuhlanganisiwe ngumkhiqizi wokunciphisa. Ama-motors okunciphisa asetshenziswa kabanzi embonini yensimbi neyensimbi, embonini yemishini nokunye. Inzuzo yokusebenzisa injini yokunciphisa ukwenza lula ukuklama nokugcina isikhala.
1. Injini yokunciphisa ikhiqizwa ngokuvumelana nezidingo zobuchwepheshe zamazwe ngamazwe futhi inokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe.
2. Ukonga isikhala, okuthembekile futhi kuhlala isikhathi eside, umthamo wokugcwala okuphezulu, amandla afinyelela ku-95kw.
3. Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi, ukusebenza okuphezulu, ukusebenza kahle kokunciphisa kufika ku-95%.
4. Ukudlidliza okuphansi, umsindo ophansi, ukonga amandla aphezulu, impahla yensimbi yekhwalithi ephezulu, ibhokisi lensimbi elakhiwe ngensimbi, ingaphezulu legiya ngemva kokwelashwa kokushisa kwemvamisa ephezulu.
5. Ngemuva kokwenza imishini enembile, ukunemba kokumisa kuyaqinisekiswa. Konke lokhu kuhlanganisa injini yokunciphisa igiya yomhlangano wokuhanjiswa kwamagiya, efakwe amamotho ahlukahlukene, enza ukuhlanganiswa kwe-electromechanical, futhi iqinisekisa ngokuphelele izici zekhwalithi zomkhiqizo.
6. Umkhiqizo wamukela umqondo wokuklama wokulandelanisa kanye ne-modularization, enobubanzi obuhlukahlukene bokuvumelana nezimo. Lolu chungechunge lwemikhiqizo lunenhlanganisela yezimoto eziningi kakhulu, izikhundla zokufakwa kanye nezikimu zesakhiwo, futhi lungakhetha noma isiphi isivinini namafomu ahlukahlukene esakhiwo ngokuya ngezidingo zangempela.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwezimoto zokunciphisa:
1. Igiya lamandla aphezulu
2. I-coaxial helical gear motor
3. I-Parallel shaft helical gear reduction motor
4. I-Spiral bevel gear yokunciphisa injini
5. YCJ uchungechunge lwegiya lokunciphisa injini
I-motor yokunciphisa isetshenziswa kakhulu emshinini wokunciphisa wokudlulisa wemishini ehlukahlukene ejwayelekile, njenge-metallurgy, izimayini, ukuphakamisa, ezokuthutha, usimende, ukwakhiwa, imboni yamakhemikhali, indwangu, ukuphrinta nokudaya, imithi nokunye.
Injini yefrikhwensi eguquguqukayo
Ubuchwepheshe bokuguqula imvamisa empeleni busebenzisa umgomo wokulawula injini ukuze ulawule injini ngalokho okubizwa ngokuthi isiguquli sefrikhwensi. Injini esetshenziselwa ukulawula okunjalo ibizwa ngokuthi i-variable frequency motor.
Amamotho ajwayelekile aguquguqukayo afaka i-asynchronous motor enezigaba ezintathu, i-DC brushless motor, i-AC brushless motor kanye ne-switched reluctance motor.
Umgomo wokulawula we-variable frequency motor
Ngokuvamile, amasu okulawula e-variable frequency motor yilawa: ukulawulwa kwetorque engaguquki ngesivinini esiyisisekelo, ukulawula amandla okungaguquki ngaphezu kwesivinini esiyisisekelo, nokulawula okwenza buthaka inkambu ebangeni lesivinini esikhulu kakhulu.
Isivinini esiyisisekelo: ngoba injini izokhiqiza amandla e-electromotive angemuva lapho isebenza, futhi usayizi wamandla e-electromotive angemuva ngokuvamile alingana nesivinini. Ngakho-ke, lapho i-motor igijima ngesivinini esithile, ngoba i-EMF yangemuva ifana ne-voltage esetshenzisiwe, isivinini ngalesi sikhathi sibizwa ngokuthi isivinini sesisekelo.
20 amahhashi abakhiqizi bezimoto ze-dc eNdiya
Ukulawulwa kwe-torque okungaguquki: injini yenza ukulawula kwe-torque njalo ngesivinini esiyisisekelo. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-electromotive force E yangemuva ye-motor ilingana ngokuqondile nesivinini se-motor. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amandla okukhipha i-motor alingana ngokuqondile nomkhiqizo we-torque nesivinini se-motor, ngakho amandla e-motor alingana ngokuqondile nesivinini ngalesi sikhathi.
Ukulawula amandla njalo: lapho i-motor idlula isivinini esiyisisekelo, i-EMF yangemuva yemoto ngokuyisisekelo igcinwa ingashintshi ngokulungisa amandla amanje ashukumisayo, ukuze kuthuthukiswe isivinini semoto. Ngalesi sikhathi, amandla okukhipha enjini ahlala engashintshi, kodwa i-torque ye-motor iyancipha ngokuhambisana nesivinini.
Ukulawulwa kokwenza buthaka kwenkundla: lapho isivinini semoto sidlula inani elithile, i-excitation current incane kakhulu futhi ayikwazi ukulungiswa. Ngalesi sikhathi, isigaba sokulawula esibuthakathaka senkundla singenwa.
Ukulawulwa kwejubane lezimoto kungenye yobuchwepheshe obuyisisekelo bemishini eyahlukene yezimboni nezolimo, ihhovisi kanye nokuziphilisa Impahla kagesi. Ngokuthuthuka okumangalisayo kobuchwepheshe bamandla kagesi kanye nobuchwepheshe be-microelectronics, imodi yokulawula isivinini se-AC "i-special variable frequency induction motor + frequency converter" ihola isizukulwane esisha soshintsho ukuze sithathele indawo imodi yokulawula isivinini esivamile emkhakheni wokulawula isivinini kanye nayo. ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu nomnotho. Izindaba ezinhle eziletha kuzo zonke izigaba zokuphila ukuthi lithuthukisa kakhulu izinga lokuzenzakalela kwemishini nokusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza, yonga amandla, ithuthukisa izinga lokufaneleka komkhiqizo kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo, ngokufanayo ithuthukisa umthamo wesistimu yokuphakelwa kwamandla, yenza imishini ibe mincane futhi yandise ukunethezeka. . Njengamanje, ingena esikhundleni sokulawulwa kwesivinini esijwayelekile komshini kanye nezikimu zokulawula isivinini se-DC ngesivinini esisheshayo.
Ngenxa yemininingwane yokunikezwa kwamandla okuguquguqukayo kanye nezidingo zohlelo lokusebenza ngesivinini esikhulu noma esinejubane eliphansi, impendulo eguquguqukayo yesivinini nokunye, injini njengoba umkhakha wamandla oyinhloko ubeke izidingo ezinzima, ezilethe izihloko ezintsha. ku-electromagnetic, ukwakheka kanye nokwahlukanisa injini.
